Biomaterial Database

Long-term effects of elevated CO₂ and temperature on the Arctic calanoid copepods Calanus glacialis and C. hyperboreus. 2014

Nicole Hildebrandt, and Barbara Niehoff, and Franz Josef Sartoris

Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. Electronic address: Nicole.Hildebrandt@awi.de.

The sensitivity of copepods to ocean acidification (OA) and warming may increase with time, however, studies >10 days and on synergistic effects are rare. We therefore incubated late copepodites and females of two dominant Arctic species, Calanus glacialis and Calanushyperboreus, at 0 °C at 390 and 3000 μatm pCO₂ for several months in fall/winter 2010. Respiration rates, body mass and mortality in both species and life stages did not change with pCO₂. To detect synergistic effects, in 2011 C. hyperboreus females were kept at different pCO₂ and temperatures (0, 5, 10 °C). Incubation at 10°C induced sublethal stress, which might have overruled effects of pCO₂. At 5 °C and 3000 μatm, body carbon was significantly lowest indicating a synergistic effect. The copepods, thus, can tolerate pCO₂ predicted for a future ocean, but in combination with increasing temperatures they could be sensitive to OA.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D002245	Carbon Dioxide	A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.	Carbonic Anhydride,Anhydride, Carbonic,Dioxide, Carbon
D005260	Female		Females
D006863	Hydrogen-Ion Concentration	The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH	pH,Concentration, Hydrogen-Ion,Concentrations, Hydrogen-Ion,Hydrogen Ion Concentration,Hydrogen-Ion Concentrations
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001110	Arctic Regions	The Arctic Ocean and the lands in it and adjacent to it. It includes Point Barrow, Alaska, most of the Franklin District in Canada, two thirds of Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Lapland, Novaya Zemlya, and Northern Siberia. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p66)
D013696	Temperature	The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.	Temperatures
D014874	Water Pollutants, Chemical	Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.	Chemical Water Pollutants,Landfill Leachate,Leachate, Landfill,Pollutants, Chemical Water
D057232	Global Warming	Increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface and in the troposphere, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns.	Warming, Global
D033342	Copepoda	A huge subclass of mostly marine CRUSTACEA, containing over 14,000 species. The 10 orders comprise both planktonic and benthic organisms, and include both free-living and parasitic forms. Planktonic copepods form the principle link between PHYTOPLANKTON and the higher trophic levels of the marine food chains.	Calanoida,Cyclopoida,Harpacticoida,Lepeophtheirus salmonis,Mesocyclops,Salmon Louse,Siphonostomatoida,Copepods,Calanoidas,Copepod,Copepodas,Cyclopoidas,Harpacticoidas,Lepeophtheirus salmoni,Louse, Salmon,Louses, Salmon,Mesocyclop,Salmon Louses,Siphonostomatoidas,salmoni, Lepeophtheirus