[Purpose] The gross morphology of the vastus medialis (VM) muscle has been thoroughly described. However, there is insufficient evidence of physiological differentiation between the VM obliquus (VMO) and VM longus (VML). To elucidate spinal reflex arc excitability in two divisions of the VM, we compared H-reflexes and T-waves in VMO and VML. [Subjects] Twenty-three healthy male volunteers participated in this study. [Methods] The H-reflex was evoked from the VMO and VML by electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve during knee extension at 10% maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Also, the patellar tendon was tapped by an examiner using an electrical tendon hammer, and a component of the compound muscle action potential (T-wave) was recorded. [Results] The configurations of the H-reflex and T-wave were sharp and slow in VMO and VML, respectively. No significant differences in the amplitudes of the H-reflexes and T-waves were observed between VMO and VML. The durations of VML H-reflexes and T-waves were significantly longer than those in VMO. [Conclusion] Spinal reflex arc excitability corresponding to VMO and VML was similar. However, the configurations and durations of the H-reflex and T-wave were differentiated with electromyography. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that VMO and VML are electrophysiologically distinct entities.