Transcriptomic analysis of (group I) Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502 cold shock response. 2014

Elias Dahlsten, and Marita Isokallio, and Panu Somervuo, and Miia Lindström, and Hannu Korkeala
Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Profound understanding of the mechanisms foodborne pathogenic bacteria utilize in adaptation to the environmental stress they encounter during food processing and storage is of paramount importance in design of control measures. Chill temperature is a central control measure applied in minimally processed foods; however, data on the mechanisms the foodborne pathogen Clostridium botulinum activates upon cold stress are scarce. Transcriptomic analysis on the C. botulinum ATCC 3502 strain upon temperature downshift from 37°C to 15°C was performed to identify the cold-responsive gene set of this organism. Significant up- or down-regulation of 16 and 11 genes, respectively, was observed 1 h after the cold shock. At 5 h after the temperature downshift, 199 and 210 genes were up- or down-regulated, respectively. Thus, the relatively small gene set affected initially indicated a targeted acute response to cold shock, whereas extensive metabolic remodeling appeared to take place after prolonged exposure to cold. Genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis, oxidative stress response, and iron uptake and storage were induced, in addition to mechanisms previously characterized as cold-tolerance related in bacteria. Furthermore, several uncharacterized DNA-binding transcriptional regulator-encoding genes were induced, suggesting involvement of novel regulatory mechanisms in the cold shock response of C. botulinum. The role of such regulators, CBO0477 and CBO0558A, in cold tolerance of C. botulinum ATCC 3502 was demonstrated by deteriorated growth of related mutants at 17°C.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D003014 Clostridium botulinum A species of anaerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae that produces proteins with characteristic neurotoxicity. It is the etiologic agent of BOTULISM in humans, wild fowl, HORSES; and CATTLE. Seven subtypes (sometimes called antigenic types, or strains) exist, each producing a different botulinum toxin (BOTULINUM TOXINS). The organism and its spores are widely distributed in nature.
D005227 Fatty Acids Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Aliphatic Acid,Esterified Fatty Acid,Fatty Acid,Fatty Acids, Esterified,Fatty Acids, Saturated,Saturated Fatty Acid,Aliphatic Acids,Acid, Aliphatic,Acid, Esterified Fatty,Acid, Saturated Fatty,Esterified Fatty Acids,Fatty Acid, Esterified,Fatty Acid, Saturated,Saturated Fatty Acids
D005798 Genes, Bacterial The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA. Bacterial Gene,Bacterial Genes,Gene, Bacterial
D005809 Genes, Regulator Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions. Gene, Regulator,Regulator Gene,Regulator Genes,Regulatory Genes,Gene, Regulatory,Genes, Regulatory,Regulatory Gene
D013696 Temperature The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms. Temperatures
D015964 Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria. Bacterial Gene Expression Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression, Bacterial,Regulation, Gene Expression, Bacterial
D016000 Cluster Analysis A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both. Clustering,Analyses, Cluster,Analysis, Cluster,Cluster Analyses,Clusterings
D046228 Microarray Analysis The simultaneous analysis, on a microchip, of multiple samples or targets arranged in an array format. Microarray Analytical Devices,Microarray Microchips,Nanoarray Analytical Devices,Analysis, Microarray,Analytical Device, Microarray,Analytical Device, Nanoarray,Analytical Devices, Microarray,Analytical Devices, Nanoarray,Device, Microarray Analytical,Device, Nanoarray Analytical,Devices, Microarray Analytical,Devices, Nanoarray Analytical,Microarray Analytical Device,Microarray Microchip,Microchip, Microarray,Microchips, Microarray,Nanoarray Analytical Device
D058639 Cold-Shock Response A sequence of responses that occur when an organism is exposed to excessive cold. In humans, a fall in skin temperature triggers gasping, hypertension, and hyperventilation. Cold Shock,Cold Shock Stress,Cold Stress,Cold-Stress Reaction,Cold-Stress Response,Cold Shock Response,Cold Shock Stresses,Cold Shocks,Cold Stress Reaction,Cold Stress Response,Cold-Shock Responses,Cold-Stress Reactions,Cold-Stress Responses,Response, Cold-Stress,Responses, Cold-Stress,Shock Stress, Cold,Shock Stresses, Cold,Stress, Cold,Stress, Cold Shock,Stresses, Cold Shock
D060888 Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods used for detecting the amplified DNA products from the polymerase chain reaction as they accumulate instead of at the end of the reaction. Kinetic Polymerase Chain Reaction,Quantitative Real-Time PCR,Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction,Real-Time PCR,PCR, Quantitative Real-Time,PCR, Real-Time,PCRs, Quantitative Real-Time,PCRs, Real-Time,Quantitative Real Time PCR,Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction,Quantitative Real-Time PCRs,Real Time PCR,Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction,Real-Time PCR, Quantitative,Real-Time PCRs,Real-Time PCRs, Quantitative

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