Biomaterial Database

Bilateral chylothorax in a renal transplant recipient: case report and literature review. 2014

Osama Gheith, and Torki Al Otaibi, and M R N Nampoory, and Hosam Attia, and Medhat Halim, and Tarek Said, and Prasad Nair, and Mohamed Balaha, and Waleed Awadein, and Zakaria Zakariya, and Hasanein Aboatteya, and Nawas Moideenkutty

Department of Nephrology, Hamed Al-Essa Organ Transplant Center, Ibn Sina Hospital, Sabah Area, Kuwait.

Chylothorax is the accumulation of chyle in the pleural cavity as a result of damage to the lymphatic ducts. We treated a young man who was a kidney transplant recipient who had a prior internal jugular vein permanent catheter for hemodialysis, who developed dyspnea and hypoxemia. Chest radiography showed bilateral pleural effusion. Analysis of the white, milky, cloudy, odorless effusion fluid showed cell count > 500/μL; lymphocytes, 60%; total protein, 3.6 mg/dL; urea nitrogen, 45 mg/dL; creatinine, 90 μmol/L; triglycerides, above 2.2 mmol/L (repeatedly high); lactate dehydrogenase, 450 U/L (normal); and cultures, no growth. Magnetic resonance imaging showed thrombosis of the major neck veins, superior vena cava, and azygos vein. Treatment included pleural drains, gut rest, and dietary modification, octreotide, and warfarin. The chylothorax resolved with no relapse. In summary, chylothorax may occur in patients associated with thrombosis of major veins associated with a permanent dialysis catheter.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007676	Kidney Failure, Chronic	The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	ESRD,End-Stage Renal Disease,Renal Disease, End-Stage,Renal Failure, Chronic,Renal Failure, End-Stage,Chronic Kidney Failure,End-Stage Kidney Disease,Chronic Renal Failure,Disease, End-Stage Kidney,Disease, End-Stage Renal,End Stage Kidney Disease,End Stage Renal Disease,End-Stage Renal Failure,Kidney Disease, End-Stage,Renal Disease, End Stage,Renal Failure, End Stage
D008297	Male		Males
D010690	Phlebography	Radiographic visualization or recording of a vein after the injection of contrast medium.	Venography,Phlebographies,Venographies
D002405	Catheterization, Central Venous	Placement of an intravenous CATHETER in the subclavian, jugular, or other central vein.	Central Venous Catheterization,Venous Catheterization, Central,Catheterization, Central,Central Catheterization,Catheterizations, Central,Catheterizations, Central Venous,Central Catheterizations,Central Venous Catheterizations,Venous Catheterizations, Central
D002916	Chylothorax	The presence of chyle in the thoracic cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)
D003131	Combined Modality Therapy	The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.	Multimodal Treatment,Therapy, Combined Modality,Combined Modality Therapies,Modality Therapies, Combined,Modality Therapy, Combined,Multimodal Treatments,Therapies, Combined Modality,Treatment, Multimodal,Treatments, Multimodal
D006435	Renal Dialysis	Therapy for the insufficient cleansing of the BLOOD by the kidneys based on dialysis and including hemodialysis, PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, and HEMODIAFILTRATION.	Dialysis, Extracorporeal,Dialysis, Renal,Extracorporeal Dialysis,Hemodialysis,Dialyses, Extracorporeal,Dialyses, Renal,Extracorporeal Dialyses,Hemodialyses,Renal Dialyses
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000293	Adolescent	A person 13 to 18 years of age.	Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths
D016030	Kidney Transplantation	The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.	Grafting, Kidney,Renal Transplantation,Transplantation, Kidney,Transplantation, Renal,Kidney Grafting,Kidney Transplantations,Renal Transplantations,Transplantations, Kidney,Transplantations, Renal