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Previous studies have shown that dietary calcium glucarate, an inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase, is a potent inhibitor of promotion of diethylnitrosamine-induced altered hepatic foci, 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis and benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis. The present study was undertaken to test the chemopreventative activity of calcium glucarate on azoxymethane-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in female Fischer 344 rats. A series of experiments were carried out over 36 weeks to evaluate the effects of calcium glucarate on the initiation and promotion phases separately and also in combination with each other. A calcium gluconate group was included and used as a negative calcium control. Histopathologic evaluation of H&E stained liver sections of all animals in this study showed that a statistically significant inhibition of hepatocarcinogenesis only occurred when dietary calcium glucarate supplementation was provided throughout the combined initiation and promotion phases. This inhibitory effect approximately equaled the summation of that obtained when calcium glucarate was fed only during initiation phase and only during promotion phase.
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