OBJECTIVE To assess occupational exposure from uranium bioassay results which are low and impacted by dietary intakes. METHODS First, the bioassay results of a group of workers exposed to UO2 were compiled along with results of a control group. A Bayesian approach was developed to account for dietary intakes in the calculation of the committed effective dose from occupational exposure of a group of workers. RESULTS Significant differences in uranium bioassay between the exposed and control groups were found establishing an occupational contamination of the exposed group of workers. Because uranium alimentary excretion estimated from the control group is very variable leading to unreliable individual dose assessment, a collective dosimetric approach was chosen. Applying the Bayesian method, all annual committed effective doses for the exposed group were estimated to be below 0.5 mSv with 95% confidence. CONCLUSIONS The Bayesian method presented here is well designed to derive best estimate and dose distribution for a group of workers when a contamination is difficult to discriminate from a natural background or alimentary excretion.