Biomaterial Database

Antiviral resistance in influenza viruses: laboratory testing. 2014

Jennifer Laplante, and Kirsten St George

Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, PO Box 22002, Albany, NY 12201-2002, USA.

Influenza continues to be a significant health care issue. Although vaccination is the major line of defense, antiviral drugs play an important role in prophylaxis and disease management. Approved drugs for influenza are currently limited to those that target the viral matrix protein or neuraminidase enzyme. Resistance-associated sequence changes in the genes encoding these proteins have been extensively studied. Available methods for genotypic and phenotypic antiviral susceptibility testing have expanded and are being further developed and improved. The sporadic emergence of drug-resistant variants and the global spread of resistant strains have demonstrated the ongoing need for vigilant testing and surveillance.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007251	Influenza, Human	An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	Grippe,Human Flu,Human Influenza,Influenza in Humans,Influenza,Flu, Human,Human Influenzas,Influenza in Human,Influenzas,Influenzas, Human
D009439	Neuraminidase	An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-2,3, alpha-2,6-, and alpha-2,8-glycosidic linkages (at a decreasing rate, respectively) of terminal sialic residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid, and synthetic substrate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)	Sialidase,Exo-alpha-Sialidase,N-Acylneuraminate Glycohydrolases,Oligosaccharide Sialidase,Exo alpha Sialidase,Glycohydrolases, N-Acylneuraminate,N Acylneuraminate Glycohydrolases,Sialidase, Oligosaccharide
D009975	Orthomyxoviridae	A family of RNA viruses causing INFLUENZA and other respiratory diseases. Orthomyxoviridae includes INFLUENZAVIRUS A; INFLUENZAVIRUS B; INFLUENZAVIRUS C; INFLUENZAVIRUS D; ISAVIRUS; and THOGOTOVIRUS.	Influenza Viruses,Myxoviruses,Orthomyxoviruses,Influenza Virus,Myxovirus,Orthomyxovirus
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000998	Antiviral Agents	Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.	Antiviral,Antiviral Agent,Antiviral Drug,Antivirals,Antiviral Drugs,Agent, Antiviral,Agents, Antiviral,Drug, Antiviral,Drugs, Antiviral
D024882	Drug Resistance, Viral	The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents or antiviral agents. This resistance is acquired through gene mutation.	Antiviral Drug Resistance,Antiviral Drug Resistances,Drug Resistances, Viral