Responses to sinusoidal gratings of two types of very nonlinear retinal ganglion cells of cat. 1989

J B Troy, and G Einstein, and R P Schuurmans, and J G Robson, and C Enroth-Cugell
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.

Perhaps 35% of all of the ganglion cells of the cat do not have classical center-surround organized receptive fields. This paper describes, quantitatively, the responses of two such cell types to stimulation with sinusoidal luminance gratings, whose spatial frequency, mean luminance, contrast, and temporal frequency were varied independently. The patterns were well-focused on the retina of the anesthetized and paralyzed cat. In one type of cell, the maintained discharge was depressed or completely suppressed when a contrast pattern was imaged onto the receptive field (suppressed-by-contrast cell). In the other type of cell, the introduction of a pattern elicited a burst of spikes (impressed-by-contrast cell). When stimulated with drifting gratings, the cell's mean rate of discharge was reduced (suppressed-by-contrast cell) or elevated (impressed-by-contrast cell) over a limited band of spatial frequencies. There was no significant modulated component of response. The reduction in mean rate of suppressed-by-contrast cells caused by drifting gratings had a monotonic dependence on contrast, a relatively low-pass temporal-frequency characteristic and was greater under photopic than mesopic illuminance. If grating of spatial frequency, that when drifted evoked a response from these cells, were instead held stationary and contrast-reversed, the mean rate of a suppressed-by-contrast cell was also reduced and that of an impressed-by-contrast cell increased. But, for contrast-reversed gratings, the discharge contained substantial modulation at even harmonic frequencies, the largest being the second harmonic. The amplitude of this second harmonic did not depend on the spatial phase of the grating, and its dependence on spatial frequency, at least for suppressed-by-contrast cells, was similar to that of the reduction in mean rate of discharge. Our results suggest that the receptive fields of suppressed-by-contrast and impressed-by-contrast cells can be modeled with the general form of the nonlinear subunit components of Hochstein and Shapley's (1976) Y cell model.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008027 Light That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range. Light, Visible,Photoradiation,Radiation, Visible,Visible Radiation,Photoradiations,Radiations, Visible,Visible Light,Visible Radiations
D010364 Pattern Recognition, Visual Mental process to visually perceive a critical number of facts (the pattern), such as characters, shapes, displays, or designs. Recognition, Visual Pattern,Visual Pattern Recognition
D002415 Cats The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801) Felis catus,Felis domesticus,Domestic Cats,Felis domestica,Felis sylvestris catus,Cat,Cat, Domestic,Cats, Domestic,Domestic Cat
D000200 Action Potentials Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli. Spike Potentials,Nerve Impulses,Action Potential,Impulse, Nerve,Impulses, Nerve,Nerve Impulse,Potential, Action,Potential, Spike,Potentials, Action,Potentials, Spike,Spike Potential
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012165 Retinal Ganglion Cells Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM. Cell, Retinal Ganglion,Cells, Retinal Ganglion,Ganglion Cell, Retinal,Ganglion Cells, Retinal,Retinal Ganglion Cell
D015350 Contrast Sensitivity The ability to detect sharp boundaries (stimuli) and to detect slight changes in luminance at regions without distinct contours. Psychophysical measurements of this visual function are used to evaluate VISUAL ACUITY and to detect eye disease. Visual Contrast Sensitivity,Sensitivity, Contrast,Sensitivity, Visual Contrast

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