Protein turnover in relation to growth status and the cell cycle in cultured mammalian cells. 1989

D N Wheatley

Protein turnover during cell growth can be extensive. It is by no means proven that, as a result of accelerated growth, protein degradation declines. Indeed, it is argued that in absolute terms it will almost certainly increase. The question, however, is raised as to what regulates changes in growth rate, irrespective of whether it operates primarily through effects on protein synthesis or on protein degradation. Although "growth factors" can entrain cells into cycle, the fundamental problem within the cell is how does this lead to integration and insertion of new material as growth. It is argued that the forces which stabilize or destabilize "structures" (any functional association of molecules) have still to be appreciated and their controls understood. Degradation is in general seen as a passive rather than an active ongoing process, whose level of activity is governed by the degree to which structures are destabilized and their proteins render at greater risk to proteolysis.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011387 Prokaryotic Cells Cells lacking a nuclear membrane so that the nuclear material is either scattered in the cytoplasm or collected in a nucleoid region. Cell, Prokaryotic,Cells, Prokaryotic,Prokaryotic Cell
D011506 Proteins Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein. Gene Products, Protein,Gene Proteins,Protein,Protein Gene Products,Proteins, Gene
D002453 Cell Cycle The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE. Cell Division Cycle,Cell Cycles,Cell Division Cycles,Cycle, Cell,Cycle, Cell Division,Cycles, Cell,Cycles, Cell Division,Division Cycle, Cell,Division Cycles, Cell
D002478 Cells, Cultured Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others. Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell
D006133 Growth Substances Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation. Mitogens, Endogenous,Endogenous Mitogens
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
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