Bronchogenic cysts are uncommon, predominantly benign, congenital malformations arising from the primitive foregut. The occurrence of such cysts in the retroperitoneum is extremely rare. The present study presents the case of a 30-year-old female who presented with a left adrenal mass. Imaging investigations revealed a cystic mass located medially to the left adrenal gland. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic excision and complete resection were performed, and the subsequent pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a bronchogenic cyst in the retroperitoneum. The patient was discharged on the fourth post-operative day and received no further treatment, however, regular follow-up was performed due to the lesion being benign. A rare case of bronchogenic cyst and literature review is presented, which may aid in improving the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of retroperitoneum bronchogenic cysts.