Temporal separation in the release of bioactive molecules from a moldable calcium sulfate bone graft substitute. 2014

Matt E Brown, and Yuan Zou, and R Peyyala, and Thomas D Dziubla, and David A Puleo

Treatment of infected bone defects presents a considerable challenge due to the complications that occur from significant bone damage concomitant with contaminated tissue. These wounds are most often treated in a two-step sequence, where the infection is first eliminated before any attempt to repair the bone is undertaken. In order to combine these two treatment steps into one procedure, a moldable bone grafting material was developed to deliver drugs in a temporally separated manner. This was accomplished by a two-layered calcium sulfate composite consisting of a moldable outer shell containing antibiotic-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres wrapped around a preformed core containing an osteogenic drug. The release of vancomycin from the shell portion began immediately and continued over the course of 6 weeks, while the release of simvastatin from the core was delayed for 12 days before being released over the next 4 weeks. Bioactivity of vancomycin was shown in modified Kirby-Bauer experiments in which whole samples inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) growth for 2 weeks. This two-layered system is capable of delivering antibiotics locally for clinically relevant periods of time and delaying the release of osteogenic drugs to mimic a two-step procedure that has potential for treating infected bone defects.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008826 Microbial Sensitivity Tests Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses). Bacterial Sensitivity Tests,Drug Sensitivity Assay, Microbial,Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,Antibacterial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Antibiogram,Antimicrobial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Bacterial Sensitivity Test,Breakpoint Determination, Antibacterial Susceptibility,Breakpoint Determination, Antimicrobial Susceptibility,Fungal Drug Sensitivity Tests,Fungus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Sensitivity Test, Bacterial,Sensitivity Tests, Bacterial,Test, Bacterial Sensitivity,Tests, Bacterial Sensitivity,Viral Drug Sensitivity Tests,Virus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Antibiograms,Concentration, Minimum Inhibitory,Concentrations, Minimum Inhibitory,Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum,Inhibitory Concentrations, Minimum,Microbial Sensitivity Test,Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations,Sensitivity Test, Microbial,Sensitivity Tests, Microbial,Test, Microbial Sensitivity,Tests, Microbial Sensitivity
D002133 Calcium Sulfate A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum. Dental Gypsum,Dental Stone, Artificial,Gypsum,Plaster of Paris,Alabaster,Anhydrous Sulfate of Lime,Artificial Dental Stone,Calcium Sulfate (1:1), Dihydrate,Calcium Sulfate (1:1), Hemihydrate,Calcium Sulfate (2:1),Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate,Calcium Sulfate, Anhydrous,Calcium Sulfate, Dihydrate,Calcium Sulfate, Hemihydrate,Calcium Sulphate,Drierite,Gypsite,Gypsum, Dental,Karstenite,Stone, Artificial Dental
D000900 Anti-Bacterial Agents Substances that inhibit the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA. Anti-Bacterial Agent,Anti-Bacterial Compound,Anti-Mycobacterial Agent,Antibacterial Agent,Antibiotics,Antimycobacterial Agent,Bacteriocidal Agent,Bacteriocide,Anti-Bacterial Compounds,Anti-Mycobacterial Agents,Antibacterial Agents,Antibiotic,Antimycobacterial Agents,Bacteriocidal Agents,Bacteriocides,Agent, Anti-Bacterial,Agent, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agent, Antibacterial,Agent, Antimycobacterial,Agent, Bacteriocidal,Agents, Anti-Bacterial,Agents, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agents, Antibacterial,Agents, Antimycobacterial,Agents, Bacteriocidal,Anti Bacterial Agent,Anti Bacterial Agents,Anti Bacterial Compound,Anti Bacterial Compounds,Anti Mycobacterial Agent,Anti Mycobacterial Agents,Compound, Anti-Bacterial,Compounds, Anti-Bacterial
D013211 Staphylococcus aureus Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.
D013329 Structure-Activity Relationship The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups. Relationship, Structure-Activity,Relationships, Structure-Activity,Structure Activity Relationship,Structure-Activity Relationships
D013997 Time Factors Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations. Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D018786 Bone Substitutes Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue replacement polymers, natural coral, hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and various other biomaterials. The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue. Bone Replacement Materials,Bone Replacement Material,Bone Substitute,Replacement Material, Bone,Replacement Materials, Bone,Substitutes, Bone,Material, Bone Replacement,Materials, Bone Replacement,Substitute, Bone
D065546 Drug Liberation Release of drugs from DOSAGE FORMS into solution. Drug Dissolution,Drug Release,Dissolution, Drug,Liberation, Drug,Release, Drug

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