Listeriosis usually manifests at the extremes of age, during pregnancy or among immunocompromised individuals as an acute meningoencephalitis with or without associated septicemia. Localized infections are rare. We investigated the incidence of Listeria monocytogenes cholecystitis using the data of the Listeria reference laboratory of the University of Würzburg/FRG. Out of 467 culture proven L.m-infections in the years 1986 and 1987, two cases were localized infections of the gall bladder. Although studies of the microbiology of gallbladder infections have not demonstrated the recovery of Listeria monocytogenes as a pathogen in acute or chronic cases of cholecystitis, these two cases substantiate the existence of this rare form of listeriosis as an entity and support the theory of the importance of the gastrointestinal tract in the pathogenesis of Listeria infections.