This paper presents the results of a study focussed on the locomotor apparatus and on the biological systems integrated in it. This study was carried out by a large group of workers in the Institute of Anatomy in Prague, with close and mutual interweaving of their contributed works. The review demonstrates the ontological advancement achieved in the fields of morphology and development of these locomotor structures. From descriptive studies it proceeds towards experimental works specially oriented to understand developmental mechanisms and the causality of their origin, within the context of the most recent advancements in developmental morphology. Even individual applications in clinical practice, which might arise, have been pointed out. The whole set of works having been referred to, from which only a fraction necessarily limited due to the length of this publication could be cited, also demonstrated here the possibilities of employing knowledge obtained about the locomotor apparatus of the limbs in further research concerning the more generalized aspects of the mechanisms of development and their regulations, down to their molecular biological level.