Biomaterial Database

Effect of glyoxal pretreatment on radiation-induced genetic damage in Drosophila melanogaster. 1989

B Mazar Barnett, and E R Muñoz

Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión de Energía Atómica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The effects of glyoxal and of glyoxal pretreatments on radiation-induced genetic damage were investigated in Drosophila melanogaster mature sperm, by means of sex-linked recessive and dominant lethality, reciprocal translocation and chromosome loss tests. In addition, the possible mutagenic effect of glyoxal was assessed in postmeiotic cells up to 7 days after treatment. The results obtained show: (1) the frequencies of recessive lethals after glyoxal treatment were within control values, (2) no clastogenic effect of glyoxal was observed, (3) glyoxal pretreatment did not modify the frequency of recessive lethals induced by X-rays, (4) after pretreatment with glyoxal a consistent, though not significant, increase was seen in the frequency of reciprocal translocations in 3 replicate experiments, (5) the yield of dominant lethals and of complete and partial chromosome loss induced by radiation was significantly increased by pretreatments with glyoxal. It is suggested that the increase of the frequency of genetic endpoints resulting from chromosome breakage, when glyoxal was administered prior to irradiation, could be ascribed to: (a) a sensitizing action of glyoxal to the clastogenic effect of ionizing radiation; (b) the formation of reactive species by the interaction of glyoxal with radiation; and/or (c) interference of glyoxal with the normal handling of radiation-induced lesions in mature postmeiotic male cells.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009152	Mutagenicity Tests	Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential. They include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests.	Genetic Toxicity Tests,Genotoxicity Tests,Mutagen Screening,Tests, Genetic Toxicity,Toxicity Tests, Genetic,Genetic Toxicity Test,Genotoxicity Test,Mutagen Screenings,Mutagenicity Test,Screening, Mutagen,Screenings, Mutagen,Test, Genotoxicity,Tests, Genotoxicity,Toxicity Test, Genetic
D009154	Mutation	Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.	Mutations
D002869	Chromosome Aberrations	Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosome aberrations may result in CHROMOSOME DISORDERS.	Autosome Abnormalities,Cytogenetic Aberrations,Abnormalities, Autosome,Abnormalities, Chromosomal,Abnormalities, Chromosome,Chromosomal Aberrations,Chromosome Abnormalities,Cytogenetic Abnormalities,Aberration, Chromosomal,Aberration, Chromosome,Aberration, Cytogenetic,Aberrations, Chromosomal,Aberrations, Chromosome,Aberrations, Cytogenetic,Abnormalities, Cytogenetic,Abnormality, Autosome,Abnormality, Chromosomal,Abnormality, Chromosome,Abnormality, Cytogenetic,Autosome Abnormality,Chromosomal Aberration,Chromosomal Abnormalities,Chromosomal Abnormality,Chromosome Aberration,Chromosome Abnormality,Cytogenetic Aberration,Cytogenetic Abnormality
D004247	DNA	A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).	DNA, Double-Stranded,Deoxyribonucleic Acid,ds-DNA,DNA, Double Stranded,Double-Stranded DNA,ds DNA
D004249	DNA Damage	Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.	DNA Injury,DNA Lesion,DNA Lesions,Genotoxic Stress,Stress, Genotoxic,Injury, DNA,DNA Injuries
D004331	Drosophila melanogaster	A species of fruit fly frequently used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.	D. melanogaster,Drosophila melanogasters,melanogaster, Drosophila
D005804	Genes, Lethal	Genes whose loss of function or gain of function MUTATION leads to the death of the carrier prior to maturity. They may be essential genes (GENES, ESSENTIAL) required for viability, or genes which cause a block of function of an essential gene at a time when the essential gene function is required for viability.	Alleles, Lethal,Allele, Lethal,Gene, Lethal,Lethal Allele,Lethal Alleles,Lethal Gene,Lethal Genes
D006037	Glyoxal	A 2-carbon aldehyde with carbonyl groups on both carbons.	Ethanedial,Ethanedione
D000447	Aldehydes	Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO.	Aldehyde
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia