Biomaterial Database

Protective factors in diabetic retinopathy: focus on blood-retinal barrier. 2014

Conghui Zhang, and Hao Wang, and Jing Nie, and Fang Wang

Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.

The earliest and most significant change in diabetic retinopathy (DR) is blood-retinal barrier (BRB) dysfunction, followed by two main pathologies that may cause severe visual impairment: Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR). The pathological hallmarks of BRB dysfunction include loss of tight junction integrity, VEGF- and AGE-induced damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory changes. Recently, several BRB protective factors have been reported. Our aim is to give a review of those protective factors and discuss new potential therapeutic targets for DR.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008269	Macular Edema	Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)	Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid,Cystoid Macular Edema,Macular Edema, Cystoid,Cystoid Macular Dystrophy,Cystoid Macular Edema, Postoperative,Irvine-Gass Syndrome,Macular Dystrophy, Dominant Cystoid,Edema, Cystoid Macular,Edema, Macular,Irvine Gass Syndrome,Syndrome, Irvine-Gass
D011345	Fenofibrate	An antilipemic agent which reduces both CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	Procetofen,Antara Micronized Procetofen,Apo-Feno-Micro,Apo-Fenofibrate,CiL,Controlip,Fenobeta,Fenofanton,Fenofibrat AL,Fenofibrat AZU,Fenofibrat AbZ,Fenofibrat FPh,Fenofibrat Heumann,Fenofibrat Hexal,Fenofibrat Stada,Fenofibrat-ratiopharm,Fénofibrate Debat,Fénofibrate MSD,Gen-Fenofibrate,LF-178,Lipanthyl,Lipantil,Liparison,Lipidil,Lipidil-Ter,Livesan,Lofibra,MTW-Fenofibrat,Normalip,Novo-Fenofibrate,Nu-Fenofibrate,PMS-Fenofibrate Micro,Phenofibrate,Procetofene,Secalip,Supralip,Tricor,durafenat,fenofibrat von ct,AZU, Fenofibrat,Apo Feno Micro,Apo Fenofibrate,Debat, Fénofibrate,Fenofibrat ratiopharm,Gen Fenofibrate,Heumann, Fenofibrat,Hexal, Fenofibrat,LF 178,LF178,Lipidil Ter,MTW Fenofibrat,Micronized Procetofen, Antara,Novo Fenofibrate,Nu Fenofibrate,PMS Fenofibrate Micro,Procetofen, Antara Micronized,Stada, Fenofibrat
D011719	Pyrazines	A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.	Pyrazine
D001813	Blood-Retinal Barrier	A specialized transport barrier, in the EYE, formed by the retinal pigment EPITHELIUM, and the ENDOTHELIUM of the BLOOD VESSELS of the RETINA. TIGHT JUNCTIONS joining adjacent cells keep the barrier between cells continuous.	Retinal-Blood Barrier,Barrier, Blood-Retinal,Barrier, Retinal-Blood,Barriers, Blood-Retinal,Barriers, Retinal-Blood,Blood Retinal Barrier,Blood-Retinal Barriers,Retinal Blood Barrier,Retinal-Blood Barriers
D003930	Diabetic Retinopathy	Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	Diabetic Retinopathies,Retinopathies, Diabetic,Retinopathy, Diabetic
D004921	Erythropoietin	Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000068900	Sitagliptin Phosphate	A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.	4-Oxo-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro(1,2,4)triazolo(4,3-a)pyrazin-7(8H)-yl)-1-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-2-amine,Januvia,MK 0431,MK-0431,MK0431,Sitagliptin,Sitagliptin Monophosphate Monohydrate,Sitagliptin Phosphate Anhydrous,Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate,0431, MK,Anhydrous, Sitagliptin Phosphate,Monohydrate, Sitagliptin Monophosphate,Monohydrate, Sitagliptin Phosphate,Monophosphate Monohydrate, Sitagliptin,Phosphate Anhydrous, Sitagliptin,Phosphate Monohydrate, Sitagliptin,Phosphate, Sitagliptin
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014230	Triazoles	Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.	Triazole