CD8 T cells in innate immune responses: using STAT4-dependent but antigen-independent pathways to gamma interferon during viral infection. 2014

Jenny E Suarez-Ramirez, and Margarite L Tarrio, and Kwangsin Kim, and Delia A Demers, and Christine A Biron
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

The cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-γ), with antimicrobial and immunoregulatory functions, can be produced by T cells following stimulation through their T cell receptors (TCRs) for antigen. The innate cytokines type 1 IFNs and interleukin-12 (IL-12) can also stimulate IFN-γ production by natural killer (NK) but not naive T cells. High basal expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4), used by type 1 IFN and IL-12 to induce IFN-γ as well as CD25, contributes to the NK cell responses. During acute viral infections, antigen-specific CD8 T cells are stimulated to express elevated STAT4 and respond to the innate factors with IFN-γ production. Little is known about the requirements for cytokine compared to TCR stimulation. Primary infections of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) demonstrated that although the elicited antigen-specific CD8 T cells acquired STAT4-dependent innate cytokine responsiveness for IFN-γ and CD25 induction ex vivo, TCR stimulation induced these through STAT4-independent pathways. During secondary infections, LCMV-immune CD8 T cells had STAT4-dependent IFN-γ expression at times of innate cytokine induction but subsequently expanded through STAT4-independent pathways. At times of innate cytokine responses during infection with the antigen-distinct murine cytomegalovirus virus (MCMV), NK and LCMV-immune CD8 T cells both had activation of pSTAT4 and IFN-γ. The T cell IFN-γ response was STAT4 and IL-12 dependent, but antigen-dependent expansion was absent. By dissecting requirements for STAT4 and antigen, this work provides novel insights into the endogenous regulation of cytokine and proliferative responses and demonstrates conditioning of innate immunity by experience. Importance: Understanding the regulation and function of adaptive immunity is key to the development of new and improved vaccines. Its CD8 T cells are activated through antigen-specific receptors to contribute to long-lasting immunity after natural infections or purposeful immunization. The antigen-receptor pathway of stimulation can lead to production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), a cytokine having both direct antimicrobial and immunoregulatory functions. Natural killer cells can also produce IFN-γ in response to the innate cytokines type 1 IFNs and/or interleukin-12. This work demonstrates that CD8 T cells acquire parallel responsiveness to innate cytokine signaling for IFN-γ expression during their selection and development and maintain this capability to participate in innate immune responses as long-lived memory cells. Thus, CD8 T cells are conditioned to play a role in innate immunity, and their presence under immune conditions has the potential to regulate resistance to either secondary challenges or primary infections with unrelated agents.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007113 Immunity, Innate The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from the presence of naturally occurring ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, constitutional factors such as BODY TEMPERATURE and immediate acting immune cells such as NATURAL KILLER CELLS. Immunity, Native,Immunity, Natural,Immunity, Non-Specific,Resistance, Natural,Innate Immune Response,Innate Immunity,Immune Response, Innate,Immune Responses, Innate,Immunity, Non Specific,Innate Immune Responses,Native Immunity,Natural Immunity,Natural Resistance,Non-Specific Immunity
D007371 Interferon-gamma The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. Interferon Type II,Interferon, Immune,gamma-Interferon,Interferon, gamma,Type II Interferon,Immune Interferon,Interferon, Type II
D007694 Killer Cells, Natural Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type. NK Cells,Natural Killer Cells,Cell, NK,Cell, Natural Killer,Cells, NK,Cells, Natural Killer,Killer Cell, Natural,NK Cell,Natural Killer Cell
D008217 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus The type species of ARENAVIRUS, part of the Old World Arenaviruses (ARENAVIRUSES, OLD WORLD), producing a silent infection in house and laboratory mice. In humans, infection with LCMV can be inapparent, or can present with an influenza-like illness, a benign aseptic meningitis, or a severe meningoencephalomyelitis. The virus can also infect monkeys, dogs, field mice, guinea pigs, and hamsters, the latter an epidemiologically important host. LCM Viruses,LCMV,LCM Virus,Lymphocytic choriomeningitis viruses
D003586 Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults. CMV Inclusion,CMV Inclusions,Congenital CMV Infection,Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection,Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease,Cytomegalovirus Colitis,Cytomegalovirus Inclusion,Cytomegalovirus Inclusion Disease,Cytomegalovirus Inclusions,Inclusion Disease,Perinatal CMV Infection,Perinatal Cytomegalovirus Infection,Renal Tubular Cytomegalovirus Inclusion,Renal Tubular Cytomegalovirus Inclusions,Salivary Gland Virus Disease,Severe Cytomegalovirus Infection,Severe Cytomegalovirus Infections,Infections, Cytomegalovirus,CMV Infection, Congenital,CMV Infection, Perinatal,Colitis, Cytomegalovirus,Congenital CMV Infections,Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infections,Cytomegalic Inclusion Diseases,Cytomegalovirus Colitides,Cytomegalovirus Inclusion Diseases,Cytomegalovirus Infection,Cytomegalovirus Infection, Congenital,Cytomegalovirus Infection, Perinatal,Cytomegalovirus Infection, Severe,Cytomegalovirus Infections, Severe,Disease, Cytomegalic Inclusion,Disease, Cytomegalovirus Inclusion,Diseases, Cytomegalovirus Inclusion,Inclusion Disease, Cytomegalic,Inclusion Disease, Cytomegalovirus,Inclusion Diseases,Inclusion Diseases, Cytomegalovirus,Inclusion, CMV,Inclusion, Cytomegalovirus,Infection, Congenital CMV,Infection, Congenital Cytomegalovirus,Infection, Cytomegalovirus,Infection, Perinatal CMV,Infection, Perinatal Cytomegalovirus,Infection, Severe Cytomegalovirus,Perinatal CMV Infections,Perinatal Cytomegalovirus Infections
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001117 Arenaviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ARENAVIRIDAE. Arenavirus Infections,Infections, Arenaviridae,Infections, Arenavirus,Arenaviridae Infection,Arenavirus Infection,Infection, Arenaviridae,Infection, Arenavirus
D050797 STAT4 Transcription Factor A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-12 in T-LYMPHOCYTES. Stat4 is an important signaling molecule for differentiation in TH1 CELLS. STAT4 Protein,STAT4A Transcription Factor,STAT4alpha Protein,STAT4b Transcription Factor,STAT4beta Protein,Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4,Transcription Factor STAT4,Transcription Factor, STAT4,Transcription Factor, STAT4A,Transcription Factor, STAT4b
D051379 Mice The common name for the genus Mus. Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus
D018146 Muromegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, causing infection involving several organs in mice and rats. Murid herpesvirus is the type species. Cytomegalovirus, Murine,Herpesvirus 1, Murid,Herpesvirus 2, Murid,Mouse Cytomegalovirus,Murine Cytomegalovirus,Rat Cytomegalovirus,Herpesvirus 1 (beta), Murid,Murid Herpesvirus 1,Murid Herpesvirus 2,Cytomegalovirus, Mouse,Cytomegalovirus, Rat,Cytomegaloviruses, Mouse,Cytomegaloviruses, Murine,Cytomegaloviruses, Rat,Mouse Cytomegaloviruses,Murine Cytomegaloviruses,Muromegaloviruses,Rat Cytomegaloviruses

Related Publications

Jenny E Suarez-Ramirez, and Margarite L Tarrio, and Kwangsin Kim, and Delia A Demers, and Christine A Biron
August 2009, Infection and immunity,
Jenny E Suarez-Ramirez, and Margarite L Tarrio, and Kwangsin Kim, and Delia A Demers, and Christine A Biron
November 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
Jenny E Suarez-Ramirez, and Margarite L Tarrio, and Kwangsin Kim, and Delia A Demers, and Christine A Biron
January 2006, Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950),
Jenny E Suarez-Ramirez, and Margarite L Tarrio, and Kwangsin Kim, and Delia A Demers, and Christine A Biron
February 2024, Nature communications,
Jenny E Suarez-Ramirez, and Margarite L Tarrio, and Kwangsin Kim, and Delia A Demers, and Christine A Biron
January 2020, Frontiers in immunology,
Jenny E Suarez-Ramirez, and Margarite L Tarrio, and Kwangsin Kim, and Delia A Demers, and Christine A Biron
January 2001, Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950),
Jenny E Suarez-Ramirez, and Margarite L Tarrio, and Kwangsin Kim, and Delia A Demers, and Christine A Biron
October 1991, Lymphokine and cytokine research,
Jenny E Suarez-Ramirez, and Margarite L Tarrio, and Kwangsin Kim, and Delia A Demers, and Christine A Biron
September 2011, Cellular & molecular immunology,
Jenny E Suarez-Ramirez, and Margarite L Tarrio, and Kwangsin Kim, and Delia A Demers, and Christine A Biron
May 2009, Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950),
Jenny E Suarez-Ramirez, and Margarite L Tarrio, and Kwangsin Kim, and Delia A Demers, and Christine A Biron
June 2010, Infection and immunity,
Copied contents to your clipboard!