Biomaterial Database

Adipophilin expression in necrobiosis lipoidica, granuloma annulare, and sarcoidosis. 2015

Joshua M Schulman, and Philip E LeBoit

Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA.

Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL), granuloma annulare (GA), and sarcoidosis usually are distinguished by clinical presentation and routine microscopy, but their distinction can sometimes be challenging. Historically, a clue to diagnosing NL or GA has been the identification of lipid droplets in the areas of altered collagen, but such studies have required fresh frozen tissue, making them impractical. Here, we present the first report of immunohistochemical staining to detect adipophilin, a membrane protein in lipid droplets, in NL (n = 12), GA (n = 19), sarcoidosis (n = 12), and, as a control for nonspecific tissue damage, nongranulomatous cutaneous necrosis (n = 13). Four patterns of labeling were identified: (1) extracellular, within zones of altered collagen; (2) both intracellular and extracellular, after the distribution of palisaded or scattered histiocytes; (3) intracellular, within clustered histiocytes; and (4) periadnexal. All cases of NL demonstrated pattern 1; nearly all cases of GA (18/19) demonstrated pattern 2; most sarcoidosis (10/12) demonstrated pattern 3; and nongranulomatous necrosis demonstrated either pattern 4 (6/13) or did not stain (6/13), confirming that the antibody to adipophilin did not adhere nonspecifically to the damaged tissue. An additional set of 3 biopsies with overlapping or partially sampled features of NL, GA, and/or sarcoidosis subsequently confirmed the potential utility of adipophilin staining in diagnostically challenging cases. We conclude that the pattern of adipophilin expression is a useful adjunct in the evaluation of granulomatous dermatitis.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007150	Immunohistochemistry	Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.	Immunocytochemistry,Immunogold Techniques,Immunogold-Silver Techniques,Immunohistocytochemistry,Immunolabeling Techniques,Immunogold Technics,Immunogold-Silver Technics,Immunolabeling Technics,Immunogold Silver Technics,Immunogold Silver Techniques,Immunogold Technic,Immunogold Technique,Immunogold-Silver Technic,Immunogold-Silver Technique,Immunolabeling Technic,Immunolabeling Technique,Technic, Immunogold,Technic, Immunogold-Silver,Technic, Immunolabeling,Technics, Immunogold,Technics, Immunogold-Silver,Technics, Immunolabeling,Technique, Immunogold,Technique, Immunogold-Silver,Technique, Immunolabeling,Techniques, Immunogold,Techniques, Immunogold-Silver,Techniques, Immunolabeling
D008565	Membrane Proteins	Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.	Cell Membrane Protein,Cell Membrane Proteins,Cell Surface Protein,Cell Surface Proteins,Integral Membrane Proteins,Membrane-Associated Protein,Surface Protein,Surface Proteins,Integral Membrane Protein,Membrane Protein,Membrane-Associated Proteins,Membrane Associated Protein,Membrane Associated Proteins,Membrane Protein, Cell,Membrane Protein, Integral,Membrane Proteins, Integral,Protein, Cell Membrane,Protein, Cell Surface,Protein, Integral Membrane,Protein, Membrane,Protein, Membrane-Associated,Protein, Surface,Proteins, Cell Membrane,Proteins, Cell Surface,Proteins, Integral Membrane,Proteins, Membrane,Proteins, Membrane-Associated,Proteins, Surface,Surface Protein, Cell
D009335	Necrobiosis Lipoidica	A degenerative disease of the dermal connective tissue characterized by the development of erythematous papules or nodules in the pretibial area. The papules form plaques covered with telangiectatic vessels. More than half of the affected patients have diabetes.	Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum,Diabeticorum, Necrobiosis Lipoidica
D003937	Diagnosis, Differential	Determination of which one of two or more diseases or conditions a patient is suffering from by systematically comparing and contrasting results of diagnostic measures.	Diagnoses, Differential,Differential Diagnoses,Differential Diagnosis
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000070780	Perilipin-2	A perilipin that is expressed by many different cell types. It binds FATTY ACIDS and CHOLESTEROL, stabilizes TRIGLYCERIDES, and localizes to both the surface and hydrophobic core of LIPID DROPLETS, as well as the ENDOPLASMIC RECTICULUM and PLASMA MEMBRANE in MACROPHAGES. It also plays a central role in the biogenesis of lipid droplets and FOAM CELLS and is highly expressed by macrophages at atherosclerotic lesions in human arteries along with the INFLAMMATION markers TNF-ALPHA; MCP-1 RECEPTOR; and IL-6.	ADRP Protein,Adipophilin,Adipose Differentiation-Related Protein,PLIN2 Protein,Perilipin 2 Protein,Adipose Differentiation Related Protein,Perilipin 2,Protein, Adipose Differentiation-Related,Protein, PLIN2,Protein, Perilipin 2
D012507	Sarcoidosis	An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.	Besnier-Boeck Disease,Boeck's Sarcoid,Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann Syndrome,Boeck Disease,Boeck's Disease,Schaumann Disease,Schaumann Syndrome,Schaumann's Syndrome,Besnier Boeck Disease,Besnier Boeck Schaumann Syndrome,Boeck Sarcoid,Boecks Disease,Boecks Sarcoid,Disease, Schaumann,Sarcoid, Boeck's,Sarcoidoses,Schaumann's Syndromes,Syndrome, Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann,Syndrome, Schaumann,Syndrome, Schaumann's
D015415	Biomarkers	Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE and its effects, disease diagnosis; METABOLIC PROCESSES; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; PREGNANCY; cell line development; EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES; etc.	Biochemical Markers,Biological Markers,Biomarker,Clinical Markers,Immunologic Markers,Laboratory Markers,Markers, Biochemical,Markers, Biological,Markers, Clinical,Markers, Immunologic,Markers, Laboratory,Markers, Serum,Markers, Surrogate,Markers, Viral,Serum Markers,Surrogate Markers,Viral Markers,Biochemical Marker,Biologic Marker,Biologic Markers,Clinical Marker,Immune Marker,Immune Markers,Immunologic Marker,Laboratory Marker,Marker, Biochemical,Marker, Biological,Marker, Clinical,Marker, Immunologic,Marker, Laboratory,Marker, Serum,Marker, Surrogate,Serum Marker,Surrogate End Point,Surrogate End Points,Surrogate Endpoint,Surrogate Endpoints,Surrogate Marker,Viral Marker,Biological Marker,End Point, Surrogate,End Points, Surrogate,Endpoint, Surrogate,Endpoints, Surrogate,Marker, Biologic,Marker, Immune,Marker, Viral,Markers, Biologic,Markers, Immune
D016460	Granuloma Annulare	Benign granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by a ring of localized or disseminated papules or nodules on the skin and palisading histiocytes surrounding necrobiotic tissue resulting from altered collagen structures.