Biomaterial Database

Nicotinic acid regulates glucose and lipid metabolism through lipid independent pathways. 2015

Dongwu Liu, and Xiaoqian Wang, and Ling Kong, and Zhiwei Chen

Nicotinic acid (NA) decreases low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and increases highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol at pharmacological doses 500-2000 mg/day, which further inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular morbidity. However, some effects of NA may be mediated through lipid-independent pathways. NA participates in the regulation of glucose metabolism and the NAD-sirtuin pathway, which may relate to the altered mitochondrial biogenesis. NA exerts its anti-atherosclerotic or side effects via binding to GPR109A and receptor TRPV1. NA may regulate lipid metabolism via adipokines, especially TNFα and adiponectin. NA participates in several cellular pathways, including forkhead transcription factors, sirtuins, and protein kinase B. Though much progress on the regulatory effect of NA has been obtained, much remains to be determined about the exact cellular signal pathways on the regulatory mechanism. To reveal the mechanisms of excessive fatty deposition diseases, it is necessary to investigate the signaling pathways in the muscle, liver, and adipose tissue by which NA controls lipid metabolism. In this paper, we will review recent data on the pharmacological effects of NA and discuss how NA might be harnessed to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism through lipid-independent pathways.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009525	Niacin	A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.	Nicotinic Acid,3-Pyridinecarboxylic Acid,Enduracin,Induracin,Lithium Nicotinate,Niacin Aluminum Salt,Niacin Ammonium Salt,Niacin Calcium Salt,Niacin Cobalt (2+) Salt,Niacin Copper (2+) Salt,Niacin Hydrochloride,Niacin Iron (2+) Salt,Niacin Lithium Salt,Niacin Lithium Salt, Hemihydrate,Niacin Magnesium Salt,Niacin Manganese (2+) Salt,Niacin Potassium Salt,Niacin Sodium Salt,Niacin Tartrate,Niacin Tosylate,Niacin Zinc Salt,Nicamin,Nico-400,Nicobid,Nicocap,Nicolar,Nicotinate,Wampocap,3 Pyridinecarboxylic Acid,Aluminum Salt, Niacin,Hydrochloride, Niacin,Nico 400,Nico400,Nicotinate, Lithium,Potassium Salt, Niacin,Sodium Salt, Niacin,Tartrate, Niacin,Tosylate, Niacin
D005947	Glucose	A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.	Dextrose,Anhydrous Dextrose,D-Glucose,Glucose Monohydrate,Glucose, (DL)-Isomer,Glucose, (alpha-D)-Isomer,Glucose, (beta-D)-Isomer,D Glucose,Dextrose, Anhydrous,Monohydrate, Glucose
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D050356	Lipid Metabolism	Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.	Metabolism, Lipid