Multiple sclerosis and hyperprolactinemia: a case-control study. 2015

Masoud Etemadifar, and Mohammad Amin Najafi, and Mohammad Reza Najafi, and Ali Alavi, and Zahra Nasr, and Mehrdad Farokhi, and Ali Rezaei
Department of Neurology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of central nervous system which is characterized with demyelination. Prolactin, synthesized in the anterior pituitary cells, has a role in maturation of immune cells, suggesting its possible implication in autoreactivity. The aim of the current study is to investigate the role of hyperprolactinemia in MS. Twenty-two MS patients with hyperprolactinemia diagnosed with pituitary adenoma and 66 MS patients without hyperprolactinemia were enrolled in our case-control study. They were matched with regard to age, gender, and MS subtypes. Patients with other concomitant autoimmune diseases and pregnancy were excluded. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS (SPSS statistic package, version 21.0.0) statistical software. The Pearson Chi-square test and the t test were used to determine whether there were any significant differences. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Greater value of relapse rate among hyperprolactinemic MS patients in comparison to non-hyperprolactinemic MS patients was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of EDSS was observed (case group vs. METHODS 1.3 vs. 1.9; p = 0.007). The correlation between MS duration and duration of hyperprolactinemia was significant in the case group (p < 0.05, R = 0.752). No statistically significant difference was found between two groups regarding duration of MS. This study suggested a protective role of prolactin in demyelinating procedure of MS.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D006966 Hyperprolactinemia Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8) Prolactin Hypersecretion Syndrome,Prolactin, Inappropriate Secretion,Hyperprolactinaemia,Inappropriate Prolactin Secretion,Inappropriate Prolactin Secretion Syndrome,Hyperprolactinemias,Hypersecretion Syndrome, Prolactin,Inappropriate Secretion Prolactin,Prolactin Secretion, Inappropriate,Secretion Prolactin, Inappropriate,Secretion, Inappropriate Prolactin,Syndrome, Prolactin Hypersecretion
D008297 Male Males
D009103 Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903) MS (Multiple Sclerosis),Multiple Sclerosis, Acute Fulminating,Sclerosis, Disseminated,Disseminated Sclerosis,Sclerosis, Multiple
D010911 Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA. Pituitary Cancer,Cancer of Pituitary,Cancer of the Pituitary,Pituitary Adenoma,Pituitary Carcinoma,Pituitary Tumors,Adenoma, Pituitary,Adenomas, Pituitary,Cancer, Pituitary,Cancers, Pituitary,Carcinoma, Pituitary,Carcinomas, Pituitary,Neoplasm, Pituitary,Neoplasms, Pituitary,Pituitary Adenomas,Pituitary Cancers,Pituitary Carcinomas,Pituitary Neoplasm,Pituitary Tumor,Tumor, Pituitary,Tumors, Pituitary
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D015175 Prolactinoma A pituitary adenoma which secretes PROLACTIN, leading to HYPERPROLACTINEMIA. Clinical manifestations include AMENORRHEA; GALACTORRHEA; IMPOTENCE; HEADACHE; visual disturbances; and CEREBROSPINAL FLUID RHINORRHEA. Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting, Pituitary,PRL-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma,Pituitary Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting,Lactotroph Adenoma,Macroprolactinoma,Microprolactinoma,Prolactin-Producing Pituitary Adenoma,Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma,Prolactinoma, Familial,Adenoma, Lactotroph,Adenomas, Lactotroph,Lactotroph Adenomas,Macroprolactinomas,Microprolactinomas,PRL Secreting Pituitary Adenoma,PRL-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas,Pituitary Adenoma, PRL-Secreting,Pituitary Adenoma, Prolactin Secreting,Pituitary Adenoma, Prolactin-Producing,Pituitary Adenomas, PRL-Secreting,Pituitary Adenomas, Prolactin-Producing,Pituitary Adenomas, Prolactin-Secreting,Prolactin Producing Pituitary Adenoma,Prolactin Secreting Pituitary Adenoma,Prolactin-Producing Pituitary Adenomas,Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas,Prolactinomas
D016022 Case-Control Studies Comparisons that start with the identification of persons with the disease or outcome of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease or outcome of interest. The relationship of an attribute is examined by comparing both groups with regard to the frequency or levels of outcome over time. Case-Base Studies,Case-Comparison Studies,Case-Referent Studies,Matched Case-Control Studies,Nested Case-Control Studies,Case Control Studies,Case-Compeer Studies,Case-Referrent Studies,Case Base Studies,Case Comparison Studies,Case Control Study,Case Referent Studies,Case Referrent Studies,Case-Comparison Study,Case-Control Studies, Matched,Case-Control Studies, Nested,Case-Control Study,Case-Control Study, Matched,Case-Control Study, Nested,Case-Referent Study,Case-Referrent Study,Matched Case Control Studies,Matched Case-Control Study,Nested Case Control Studies,Nested Case-Control Study,Studies, Case Control,Studies, Case-Base,Studies, Case-Comparison,Studies, Case-Compeer,Studies, Case-Control,Studies, Case-Referent,Studies, Case-Referrent,Studies, Matched Case-Control,Studies, Nested Case-Control,Study, Case Control,Study, Case-Comparison,Study, Case-Control,Study, Case-Referent,Study, Case-Referrent,Study, Matched Case-Control,Study, Nested Case-Control

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