Aspalathin and nothofagin from rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) inhibit endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. 2015

Soyoung Kwak, and Min-Su Han, and Jong-Sup Bae
College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.

Aspalathin (Asp) and nothofagin (Not) are two major active dihydrochalcones found in green rooibos, which have been reported for their anti-oxidant activity. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that beyond its role in the activation of protein C, endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) is also involved in vascular inflammation. EPCR activity is markedly changed by ectodomain cleavage and its release as the soluble EPCR. EPCR can be shed from the cell surface, which is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). However, little is known about the effects of Asp and Not on EPCR shedding. Our results demonstrated that Asp and Not induced potent inhibition of phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-, interleukin (IL)-1β, and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced EPCR shedding. Asp and Not also inhibited the expression and activity of PMA-induced TACE in endothelial cells. Asp and Not also suppressed CLP-induced protein C decrease in mice and thrombin generation in HUVECs. In addition, treatment with Asp and Not resulted in reduced PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of p38, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). These results demonstrate the potential of Asp and Not as an anti-sEPCR shedding reagent against PMA and CLP-mediated EPCR shedding.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008810 Mice, Inbred C57BL One of the first INBRED MOUSE STRAINS to be sequenced. This strain is commonly used as genetic background for transgenic mouse models. Refractory to many tumors, this strain is also preferred model for studying role of genetic variations in development of diseases. Mice, C57BL,Mouse, C57BL,Mouse, Inbred C57BL,C57BL Mice,C57BL Mice, Inbred,C57BL Mouse,C57BL Mouse, Inbred,Inbred C57BL Mice,Inbred C57BL Mouse
D010766 Phosphorylation The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety. Phosphorylations
D011956 Receptors, Cell Surface Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands. Cell Surface Receptor,Cell Surface Receptors,Hormone Receptors, Cell Surface,Receptors, Endogenous Substances,Cell Surface Hormone Receptors,Endogenous Substances Receptors,Receptor, Cell Surface,Surface Receptor, Cell
D001779 Blood Coagulation Factors Endogenous substances, usually proteins, that are involved in the blood coagulation process. Clotting Factor,Coagulation Factors,Blood Coagulation Factor,Clotting Factors,Coagulation Factor,Coagulation Factor, Blood,Coagulation Factors, Blood,Factor, Coagulation,Factors, Coagulation,Factor, Blood Coagulation,Factor, Clotting,Factors, Blood Coagulation,Factors, Clotting
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000072198 ADAM17 Protein A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein that cleaves the membrane-bound precursor of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA to its mature form. It cleaves several other CELL SURFACE PROTEINS, including INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR TYPE II; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; L-SELECTIN; MUCIN-1; and AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN PRECURSOR. It can also function as an activator of the Notch signaling pathway by mediating the cleavage of NOTCH RECEPTORS. ADAM-17,ADAM-17 Protein,CD156b Antigen,Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain-Containing Protein 17,TACA (Enzyme),TACE (Enzyme),TNF-alpha Convertase,TNF-alpha Converting Enzyme,Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Convertase,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Convertase,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Converting Enzyme,ADAM 17 Protein,Antigen, CD156b,Convertase, TNF-alpha,Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain Containing Protein 17,TNF alpha Convertase,TNF alpha Converting Enzyme,Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha Converting Enzyme
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013755 Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA. Phorbol Myristate Acetate,12-Myristoyl-13-acetylphorbol,12-O-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol 13-Acetate,Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate, 4a alpha-Isomer,12 Myristoyl 13 acetylphorbol,12 O Tetradecanoyl Phorbol 13 Acetate,13-Acetate, 12-O-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol,Acetate, Phorbol Myristate,Acetate, Tetradecanoylphorbol,Myristate Acetate, Phorbol,Phorbol 13-Acetate, 12-O-Tetradecanoyl,Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate, 4a alpha Isomer
D014409 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS. Cachectin,TNF-alpha,Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 2,Cachectin-Tumor Necrosis Factor,TNF Superfamily, Member 2,TNFalpha,Tumor Necrosis Factor,Cachectin Tumor Necrosis Factor,Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha

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