Biomaterial Database

Treatment of alopecia areata with topical sensitizers. 2015

Lesley Sutherland, and Mary Laschinger, and Zain U Syed, and Anthony Gaspari

From the Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.

For those with severe alopecia areata, with greater than 50% scalp involvement, topical immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone or squaric acid dibutylester is considered the treatment of choice. This article not only reviews the safety and efficacy of topical sensitizers for the treatment of alopecia areata but also highlights strides that have been made in the literature concerning their use in pediatric populations, molecular mechanisms of efficacy, and improved safety through targeted delivery methods.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D003503	Cyclobutanes	Four carbon cycloparaffin cyclobutane (the structural formula (CH2)4) and its derivatives.
D003521	Cyclopropanes	Three-carbon cycloparaffin cyclopropane (the structural formula (CH2)3) and its derivatives.
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000276	Adjuvants, Immunologic	Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.	Immunoactivators,Immunoadjuvant,Immunoadjuvants,Immunologic Adjuvant,Immunopotentiator,Immunopotentiators,Immunostimulant,Immunostimulants,Adjuvant, Immunologic,Adjuvants, Immunological,Immunologic Adjuvants,Immunological Adjuvant,Adjuvant, Immunological,Immunological Adjuvants
D000279	Administration, Cutaneous	The application of suitable drug dosage forms to the skin for either local or systemic effects.	Cutaneous Drug Administration,Dermal Drug Administration,Drug Administration, Dermal,Percutaneous Administration,Skin Drug Administration,Transcutaneous Administration,Transdermal Administration,Administration, Dermal,Administration, Transcutaneous,Administration, Transdermal,Cutaneous Administration,Cutaneous Administration, Drug,Dermal Administration,Drug Administration, Cutaneous,Skin Administration, Drug,Administration, Cutaneous Drug,Administration, Dermal Drug,Administration, Percutaneous,Administrations, Cutaneous,Administrations, Cutaneous Drug,Administrations, Dermal,Administrations, Dermal Drug,Administrations, Percutaneous,Administrations, Transcutaneous,Administrations, Transdermal,Cutaneous Administrations,Cutaneous Administrations, Drug,Cutaneous Drug Administrations,Dermal Administrations,Dermal Drug Administrations,Drug Administrations, Cutaneous,Drug Administrations, Dermal,Drug Skin Administrations,Percutaneous Administrations,Skin Administrations, Drug,Skin Drug Administrations,Transcutaneous Administrations,Transdermal Administrations
D000506	Alopecia Areata	Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.	Alopecia Circumscripta