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Regulation of chick Ebf1-3 gene expression in the pharyngeal arches, cranial sensory ganglia and placodes. 2014

Mohammed Abu El-Magd, and Ayman A Saleh, and Foad Farrag, and Reda M Abd El-Aziz, and Haytham A Ali, and Mohamed F Salama
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.

This study was conducted to identify the regulation of the expression of the cEbf1-3 (chick early B-cell factor 1-3) genes in the pharyngeal arches (PAs), cranial sensory ganglia and placodes. cEbf1 and cEbf3 were mainly expressed in the cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) occupying the PAs, but cEbf2 was expressed in the mesenchymal core. cEbf1-3 were prominently expressed in the olfactory placodes, but cEbf1 and cEbf3 were only expressed in the otic vesicle. cEbf1 was expressed in all cranial sensory ganglia, cEbf2 (only) in the dorsolateral ganglia and cEbf3 in the trigeminal and vestibular ganglia. The removal of the source (the cranial neural tube) of the cranial NCCs before their migration to the PAs led to downregulation of cEbf1 and cEbf3 and upregulation of cEbf2 expression. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that sonic hedgehog did not regulate cEbf1-3 expression in the PAs or associated ganglia. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2) can, however, directly and indirectly regulate cEbf1 and cEbf3 expression in the PAs and the proximal (NCC-derived) portion, but not the distal (placodal-derived) portion of the cranial sensory ganglia. Conversely, cEbf2 expression was upregulated following injection of Noggin before the migration of NCCs, but did not change after the overexpression of either Noggin or Bmp2 in the arch after NCC migration. In conclusion, Bmp2 regulates cEbf1 and cEbf3 expression in PAs and cranial sensory ganglia both directly and indirectly, via the migration of cranial NCCs. However, cEbf2 expression in the mesenchymal core of PAs is controlled by other undetermined signals.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009928 Organ Specificity Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen. Tissue Specificity,Organ Specificities,Specificities, Organ,Specificities, Tissue,Specificity, Organ,Specificity, Tissue,Tissue Specificities
D001934 Branchial Region A region, of SOMITE development period, that contains a number of paired arches, each with a mesodermal core lined by ectoderm and endoderm on the two sides. In lower aquatic vertebrates, branchial arches develop into GILLS. In higher vertebrates, the arches forms outpouchings and develop into structures of the head and neck. Separating the arches are the branchial clefts or grooves. Branchial Arches,Branchial Clefts,Pharyngeal Arches,Visceral Arches,Branchial Arch,Branchial Grooves,Pharyngeal Arch,Pharyngeal Clefts,Pharyngeal Grooves,Visceral Arch,Arch, Branchial,Arch, Pharyngeal,Arch, Visceral,Arches, Branchial,Arches, Pharyngeal,Arches, Visceral,Archs, Pharyngeal,Branchial Cleft,Branchial Groove,Branchial Regions,Cleft, Branchial,Cleft, Pharyngeal,Clefts, Branchial,Clefts, Pharyngeal,Groove, Branchial,Groove, Pharyngeal,Grooves, Branchial,Grooves, Pharyngeal,Pharyngeal Archs,Pharyngeal Cleft,Pharyngeal Groove,Region, Branchial,Regions, Branchial
D002642 Chick Embryo The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching. Embryo, Chick,Chick Embryos,Embryos, Chick
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D015534 Trans-Activators Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins. Nuclear Trans-Acting Factor,Trans-Acting Factors,Trans-Acting Factor,Trans-Activator,Transactivator,Transactivators,Factor, Nuclear Trans-Acting,Factor, Trans-Acting,Factors, Trans-Acting,Nuclear Trans Acting Factor,Trans Acting Factor,Trans Acting Factors,Trans Activator,Trans Activators,Trans-Acting Factor, Nuclear
D015870 Gene Expression The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION. Expression, Gene,Expressions, Gene,Gene Expressions
D017950 Ganglia, Sensory Clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons. Sensory ganglia may also have intrinsic interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells. Sensory Ganglia,Ganglion, Sensory,Sensory Ganglion
D030161 Avian Proteins Proteins obtained from species of BIRDS. Avian Protein,Bird Protein,Bird Proteins,Protein, Avian,Protein, Bird,Proteins, Avian,Proteins, Bird

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