Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is known to be a protein which induces new bone at heterotopic sites. Purification of BMP has not been perfected, and obtaining large amounts of BMP is very difficult, so it seems better to use some carrier or frame material for BMP to work effectively. Various kinds of hydroxyapatite (HAP) have been used to repair periodontal osseous defects, but they do not have osteogenetic or osteoinductive properties. If osteoinductive proteins such as BMP could retain their biologic properties after being implanted into living tissue with HAP, it would be an advantage in repairing periodontal osseous defects. In this experiment, we prepared BMP-HAP complex and investigated its osteoinductive activity. BMP was extracted from bovine cortical bones in accordance with the Urist's procedure. The ability of this BMP to stimulate new bone growth was ensured by implantation in the muscle pouch of mice. HAP was synthesized by the wet method. The BMP-HAP complex was implanted in the muscle pouch of mice, and osteoinduction was examined 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after implantation to assess its osteo-inductive ability. New bone formation was studied by roentgenographic and histologic observation. In the BMP-HAP group, new bone formation was seen on the roentgenograms and new cartilage and bone were observed histologically in the tissue surrounding the apatite. In the HAP group, no new cartilage or bone formation was noted.