Biomaterial Database

Modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission by vasoactive intestinal peptide and peptide histidine isoleucine in guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle. 1989

J L Ellis, and S G Farmer

Nova Pharmaceutical Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland 21224-2788.

There is increasing evidence that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) are non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory neurotransmitters in airway smooth muscle. The possibility that VIP and PHI may also have neuromodulatory effects on excitatory responses, mediated by cholinergic nerves, to electrical field stimulation (EFS) was studied in guinea-pig isolated trachea. VIP (0.5 nM) pre-junctionally, inhibited the release of acetylcholine (ACh), whereas post-junctionally, responses to methacholine (MCh) were enhanced. At a maximum relaxant concentration (100 nM), VIP inhibited cholinergic neurotransmission both pre- and post-junctionally. Similarly, PHI (30 nM) inhibited neuronal ACh release, but enhanced transmitter action post-junctionally. At 3 microM, PHI inhibited ACh release. VIP- and PHI-induced inhibition of EFS was not affected by methysergide, pyrilamine, naloxone, phentolamine and propranolol. These data suggest that, in airway smooth muscle VIP and PHI may modulate cholinergic transmission via specific receptors.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D009130	Muscle, Smooth	Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	Muscle, Involuntary,Smooth Muscle,Involuntary Muscle,Involuntary Muscles,Muscles, Involuntary,Muscles, Smooth,Smooth Muscles
D009435	Synaptic Transmission	The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.	Neural Transmission,Neurotransmission,Transmission, Neural,Transmission, Synaptic
D010275	Parasympathetic Nervous System	The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system. The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are in brain stem nuclei and in the sacral spinal cord. They synapse in cranial autonomic ganglia or in terminal ganglia near target organs. The parasympathetic nervous system generally acts to conserve resources and restore homeostasis, often with effects reciprocal to the sympathetic nervous system.	Nervous System, Parasympathetic,Nervous Systems, Parasympathetic,Parasympathetic Nervous Systems,System, Parasympathetic Nervous,Systems, Parasympathetic Nervous
D010451	Peptide PHI	A 27-amino acid peptide with histidine at the N-terminal and isoleucine amide at the C-terminal. The exact amino acid composition of the peptide is species dependent. The peptide is secreted in the intestine, but is found in the nervous system, many organs, and in the majority of peripheral tissues. It has a wide range of biological actions, affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and central nervous systems.	Neuropeptide PHI 27,PHI Peptide,Peptide Histidine-Isoleucine,Peptide PHM,Human PHI,PHM Neuropeptide,PHM-27,Peptide HI,Peptide Histidine Methionine,Peptide PHI-27,Peptide-Histidine-Isoleucinamide,Porcine Intestinal Heptacosapeptide,Pro-Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide,Heptacosapeptide, Porcine Intestinal,Histidine Methionine, Peptide,Histidine-Isoleucine, Peptide,Intestinal Heptacosapeptide, Porcine,Intestinal Peptide, Pro-Vasoactive,Methionine, Peptide Histidine,Neuropeptide, PHM,PHI, Human,PHM, Peptide,Peptide Histidine Isoleucinamide,Peptide Histidine Isoleucine,Peptide PHI 27,Peptide, PHI,Peptide, Pro-Vasoactive Intestinal,Pro Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
D004558	Electric Stimulation	Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.	Stimulation, Electric,Electrical Stimulation,Electric Stimulations,Electrical Stimulations,Stimulation, Electrical,Stimulations, Electric,Stimulations, Electrical
D006168	Guinea Pigs	A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.	Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D000109	Acetylcholine	A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.	2-(Acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium,Acetilcolina Cusi,Acetylcholine Bromide,Acetylcholine Chloride,Acetylcholine Fluoride,Acetylcholine Hydroxide,Acetylcholine Iodide,Acetylcholine L-Tartrate,Acetylcholine Perchlorate,Acetylcholine Picrate,Acetylcholine Picrate (1:1),Acetylcholine Sulfate (1:1),Bromoacetylcholine,Chloroacetylcholine,Miochol,Acetylcholine L Tartrate,Bromide, Acetylcholine,Cusi, Acetilcolina,Fluoride, Acetylcholine,Hydroxide, Acetylcholine,Iodide, Acetylcholine,L-Tartrate, Acetylcholine,Perchlorate, Acetylcholine
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014132	Trachea	The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.	Tracheas