The relationship between the use of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was examined in 1054 patients who were seen at the Family Planning Clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital and were followed up. The overall risk of PID developing in women wearing the IUD was minimal: 62 out of 1054 (5.9%). The rates, however, varied for the 6-month periods studied. The incidence of PID decreased as the period of usage increased. The greater number of patients developed PID less than 3 months from the date of IUD insertion. When PID occurred it was usually of mild or moderate intensity and the response to antibiotic therapy was very encouraging. There was no relationship between the parity of the patients and the development of PID. Even though there is a definite link between the use of IUD and the development of PID it does not obliterate the benefits which the use of IUD provide for the majority of its patrons; and so the use of IUD should continue.