Vertebrojugular arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysm formation due to penetrating vertebral artery injury: case report and review of the literature. 2015

Muhammet Bahadır Yilmaz, and Halil Donmez, and Mehmet Tonge, and Serkan Senol, and Ayhan Tekiner
Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Kayseri, Turkey.

Vertebral artery injury including thrombosis, arteriovenous fistula (AVF), pseudo-aneurysm and hemorrhage may be iatrogenic or due to penetrating or blunt trauma. Although mostly asymptomatic, vertebral artery injury may also present with vertebrobasilar insufficiency findings, cephalgia, radicular pain or myelopathy due to blockade of arterial flow, arterial steal phenomenon and venous hypertension. The gold standard for diagnosis is digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Doppler ultrasonography, magnetic resonance-angiography and computerized tomography-angiography are also helpful. Endovascular treatment is now used more commonly. We present a case with sharp bread knife injury of the vertebral artery that was also complicated with a vertebrojugular fistula and pseudo-aneurysm together with the diagnostic and management options and a review of the current literature.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007601 Jugular Veins Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins. Jugular Vein,Vein, Jugular,Veins, Jugular
D008297 Male Males
D003937 Diagnosis, Differential Determination of which one of two or more diseases or conditions a patient is suffering from by systematically comparing and contrasting results of diagnostic measures. Diagnoses, Differential,Differential Diagnoses,Differential Diagnosis
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001164 Arteriovenous Fistula An abnormal direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. An A-V fistula usually leads to the formation of a dilated sac-like connection, arteriovenous aneurysm. The locations and size of the shunts determine the degree of effects on the cardiovascular functions such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEART RATE. Aneurysm, Arteriovenous,Arteriovenous Aneurysm,Arteriovenous Fistulas,Fistula, Arteriovenous,Fistulas, Arteriovenous
D014711 Vertebral Artery The first branch of the SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY with distribution to muscles of the NECK; VERTEBRAE; SPINAL CORD; CEREBELLUM; and interior of the CEREBRUM. Vertebral Arteries,Arteries, Vertebral,Artery, Vertebral
D014950 Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin. Penetrating Wound,Penetrating Wounds,Wound, Penetrating
D015901 Angiography, Digital Subtraction A method of delineating blood vessels by subtracting a tissue background image from an image of tissue plus intravascular contrast material that attenuates the X-ray photons. The background image is determined from a digitized image taken a few moments before injection of the contrast material. The resulting angiogram is a high-contrast image of the vessel. This subtraction technique allows extraction of a high-intensity signal from the superimposed background information. The image is thus the result of the differential absorption of X-rays by different tissues. Digital Subtraction Angiography,Subtraction Angiography, Digital
D017541 Aneurysm, False Not an aneurysm but a well-defined collection of blood and CONNECTIVE TISSUE outside the wall of a blood vessel or the heart. It is the containment of a ruptured blood vessel or heart, such as sealing a rupture of the left ventricle. False aneurysm is formed by organized THROMBUS and HEMATOMA in surrounding tissue. Pseudoaneurysm,False Aneurysm,Aneurysms, False,False Aneurysms,Pseudoaneurysms
D055815 Young Adult A person between 19 and 24 years of age. Adult, Young,Adults, Young,Young Adults

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