Transcriptome of the human retina, retinal pigmented epithelium and choroid. 2015

Lifeng Tian, and Krista L Kazmierkiewicz, and Anita S Bowman, and Mingyao Li, and Christine A Curcio, and Dwight E Stambolian
Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa 19104, USA. Electronic address: tianl@email.chop.edu.

The retina and its adjacent supporting tissues - retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and choroid - are critical structures in human eyes required for normal visual perception. Abnormal changes in these layers have been implicated in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. With the advent of high-throughput methods, such as serial analysis of gene expression, cDNA microarray, and RNA sequencing, there is unprecedented opportunity to facilitate our understanding of the normal retina, RPE, and choroid. This information can be used to identify dysfunction in age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. In this review, we describe the current status in our understanding of these transcriptomes through the use of high-throughput techniques.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010858 Pigmentation Coloration or discoloration of a part by a pigment. Pigmentations
D012160 Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Ora Serrata
D002829 Choroid The thin, highly vascular membrane covering most of the posterior of the eye between the RETINA and SCLERA. Choriocapillaris,Haller Layer,Haller's Layer,Sattler Layer,Sattler's Layer,Choroids
D004848 Epithelium The layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS which cover the inner and outer surfaces of the cutaneous, mucus, and serous tissues and glands of the body. Mesothelium,Epithelial Tissue,Mesothelial Tissue,Epithelial Tissues,Mesothelial Tissues,Tissue, Epithelial,Tissue, Mesothelial,Tissues, Epithelial,Tissues, Mesothelial
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000375 Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. Senescence,Aging, Biological,Biological Aging
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012326 RNA Splicing The ultimate exclusion of nonsense sequences or intervening sequences (introns) before the final RNA transcript is sent to the cytoplasm. RNA, Messenger, Splicing,Splicing, RNA,RNA Splicings,Splicings, RNA
D059014 High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Techniques of nucleotide sequence analysis that increase the range, complexity, sensitivity, and accuracy of results by greatly increasing the scale of operations and thus the number of nucleotides, and the number of copies of each nucleotide sequenced. The sequencing may be done by analysis of the synthesis or ligation products, hybridization to preexisting sequences, etc. High-Throughput Sequencing,Illumina Sequencing,Ion Proton Sequencing,Ion Torrent Sequencing,Next-Generation Sequencing,Deep Sequencing,High-Throughput DNA Sequencing,High-Throughput RNA Sequencing,Massively-Parallel Sequencing,Pyrosequencing,DNA Sequencing, High-Throughput,High Throughput DNA Sequencing,High Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing,High Throughput RNA Sequencing,High Throughput Sequencing,Massively Parallel Sequencing,Next Generation Sequencing,Nucleotide Sequencing, High-Throughput,RNA Sequencing, High-Throughput,Sequencing, Deep,Sequencing, High-Throughput,Sequencing, High-Throughput DNA,Sequencing, High-Throughput Nucleotide,Sequencing, High-Throughput RNA,Sequencing, Illumina,Sequencing, Ion Proton,Sequencing, Ion Torrent,Sequencing, Massively-Parallel,Sequencing, Next-Generation
D059467 Transcriptome The pattern of GENE EXPRESSION at the level of genetic transcription in a specific organism or under specific circumstances in specific cells. Transcriptomes,Gene Expression Profiles,Gene Expression Signatures,Transcriptome Profiles,Expression Profile, Gene,Expression Profiles, Gene,Expression Signature, Gene,Expression Signatures, Gene,Gene Expression Profile,Gene Expression Signature,Profile, Gene Expression,Profile, Transcriptome,Profiles, Gene Expression,Profiles, Transcriptome,Signature, Gene Expression,Signatures, Gene Expression,Transcriptome Profile

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