Understanding cardiogenic shock: a nursing approach to improve outcomes. 2015

Lita Warise
Lita Warise, EdD, MSN, FNP-C, is an assistant professor in the School of Nursing at WKU. Dr Warise concurrently works part time as a family nurse practitioner in a community-based clinic. Dr Warise currently teaches in the prelicensure program, currently teaching didactic and clinical medical-surgical nursing I, and simulation laboratory. Dr Warise is an active member of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, American Nurses Association, Kentucky Nurses Association, Tennessee Nurses Association, Sigma Theta Tau International, and the American Association for University Professors. Her research interests include critical care nursing, medical-surgical nursing, obesity, and health promotion across the lifespan. She received her AAS (1996), BSN (2002), and MSN with an emphasis in Nursing Education (2003) from Union University. Dr Warise received her doctorate in education in Leadership and Professional Practice (EdD) from Trevecca Nazarene University (2007). Dr Warise also has a post-master's certificate as a family nurse practitioner (2012) from the University of Alabama at Huntsville. Prior to WKU, Dr Warise taught at Middle Tennessee State University as a tenured associate professor with concentrations in critical care nursing, medical-surgical nursing, pathophysiology, health assessment, and nursing fundamentals. Dr Warise is recognized by the National League for Nursing as a Certified Nurse Educator (CNE) and holds a Certificate as a Certified Case Manager (CCM).

Shock is a common complication associated with cardiac hospitalization post-myocardial infarction. Although shock is considered a physiologic response rather than a disease state, the lack of adequate pumping function leads to decreased tissue perfusion and initiation of the general shock response. Regardless of the etiology, the effects of shock are the same. Shock is essentially a widespread impairment of cellular metabolism, specifically, resulting from anaerobic metabolism related to inadequate tissue oxygenation leading to tissue dysfunction and necrosis. The purpose of this article is based on an actual clinical case study, precipitating factors, pathophysiology, common medical diagnosis and therapy, and nursing implications.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002316 Cardiotonic Agents Agents that have a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. They may be CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES; SYMPATHOMIMETICS; or other drugs. They are used after MYOCARDIAL INFARCT; CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; in SHOCK; or in congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE). Cardiac Stimulant,Cardiac Stimulants,Cardioprotective Agent,Cardioprotective Agents,Cardiotonic,Cardiotonic Agent,Cardiotonic Drug,Inotropic Agents, Positive Cardiac,Myocardial Stimulant,Myocardial Stimulants,Cardiotonic Drugs,Cardiotonics,Agent, Cardioprotective,Agent, Cardiotonic,Drug, Cardiotonic,Stimulant, Cardiac,Stimulant, Myocardial
D004452 Echocardiography Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic. Echocardiography, Contrast,Echocardiography, Cross-Sectional,Echocardiography, M-Mode,Echocardiography, Transthoracic,Echocardiography, Two-Dimensional,Transthoracic Echocardiography,2-D Echocardiography,2D Echocardiography,Contrast Echocardiography,Cross-Sectional Echocardiography,Echocardiography, 2-D,Echocardiography, 2D,M-Mode Echocardiography,Two-Dimensional Echocardiography,2 D Echocardiography,Cross Sectional Echocardiography,Echocardiography, 2 D,Echocardiography, Cross Sectional,Echocardiography, M Mode,Echocardiography, Two Dimensional,M Mode Echocardiography,Two Dimensional Echocardiography
D005440 Fluid Therapy Therapy whose basic objective is to restore the volume and composition of the body fluids to normal with respect to WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. Fluids may be administered intravenously, orally, by intermittent gavage, or by HYPODERMOCLYSIS. Oral Rehydration Therapy,Rehydration,Rehydration, Oral,Oral Rehydration,Rehydration Therapy, Oral,Therapy, Fluid,Therapy, Oral Rehydration,Fluid Therapies,Oral Rehydration Therapies,Oral Rehydrations,Rehydration Therapies, Oral,Rehydrations,Rehydrations, Oral,Therapies, Fluid,Therapies, Oral Rehydration
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012770 Shock, Cardiogenic Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease. Cardiogenic Shock
D014336 Troponin One of the minor protein components of skeletal and cardiac muscles. It functions as the calcium-binding component in a complex with BETA-TROPOMYOSIN; ACTIN; and MYOSIN and confers calcium sensitivity to the cross-linked actin and myosin filaments. Troponin itself is a complex of three regulatory proteins (TROPONIN C; TROPONIN I; and TROPONIN T). Troponin Complex,Troponins

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