Gene exchange in African trypanosomes: frequency and allelic segregation. 1989

J Sternberg, and C M Turner, and J M Wells, and L C Ranford-Cartwright, and R W Le Page, and A Tait
Department of Genetics, University of Edinburgh, U.K.

The existence of a system of genetic exchange in Trypanosoma brucei is now established, but the frequency with which mating occurs and the mechanisms by which genes are exchanged are still unknown. This paper presents the results of a study of one pair of trypanosome stocks, which show that mating is a non-obligatory but frequent event in a life-cycle stage within the insect vector. Analysis of ten progeny clones using a total of eleven markers (iso-enzymes and DNA probes detecting restriction fragment length polymorphisms) has indicated that segregation of alleles occurs at five of these loci. The segregation patterns of a polymorphic EcoRI site in the maxi-circle of the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) show that the progeny inherit one or other of the parental kDNA types. These results demonstrate that segregation of alleles occurs and that new combinations of alleles at different loci are generated in the progeny clones. The implications of these findings for defining the mechanism of gene exchange are discussed in relation to a simple mendelian genetic system involving meiosis and syngamy.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D012150 Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment. RFLP,Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism,RFLPs,Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms
D003001 Cloning, Molecular The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells. Molecular Cloning
D003227 Conjugation, Genetic A parasexual process in BACTERIA; ALGAE; FUNGI; and ciliate EUKARYOTA for achieving exchange of chromosome material during fusion of two cells. In bacteria, this is a uni-directional transfer of genetic material; in protozoa it is a bi-directional exchange. In algae and fungi, it is a form of sexual reproduction, with the union of male and female gametes. Bacterial Conjugation,Conjugation, Bacterial,Genetic Conjugation
D004270 DNA, Circular Any of the covalently closed DNA molecules found in bacteria, many viruses, mitochondria, plastids, and plasmids. Small, polydisperse circular DNA's have also been observed in a number of eukaryotic organisms and are suggested to have homology with chromosomal DNA and the capacity to be inserted into, and excised from, chromosomal DNA. It is a fragment of DNA formed by a process of looping out and deletion, containing a constant region of the mu heavy chain and the 3'-part of the mu switch region. Circular DNA is a normal product of rearrangement among gene segments encoding the variable regions of immunoglobulin light and heavy chains, as well as the T-cell receptor. (Riger et al., Glossary of Genetics, 5th ed & Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992) Circular DNA,Circular DNAs,DNAs, Circular
D006239 Haplotypes The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX. Haplotype
D000483 Alleles Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product. Allelomorphs,Allele,Allelomorph
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014346 Trypanosoma brucei brucei A hemoflagellate subspecies of parasitic protozoa that causes nagana in domestic and game animals in Africa. It apparently does not infect humans. It is transmitted by bites of tsetse flies (Glossina). Trypanosoma brucei,Trypanosoma brucei bruceus,Trypanosoma bruceus,brucei brucei, Trypanosoma,brucei, Trypanosoma brucei,bruceus, Trypanosoma,bruceus, Trypanosoma brucei
D014370 Tsetse Flies Bloodsucking flies of the genus Glossina, found primarily in equatorial Africa. Several species are intermediate hosts of trypanosomes. Glossina,Flies, Tsetse,Fly, Tsetse,Glossinas,Tsetse Fly
D018105 DNA, Kinetoplast DNA of kinetoplasts which are specialized MITOCHONDRIA of trypanosomes and related parasitic protozoa within the order KINETOPLASTIDA. Kinetoplast DNA consists of a complex network of numerous catenated rings of two classes; the first being a large number of small DNA duplex rings, called minicircles, approximately 2000 base pairs in length, and the second being several dozen much larger rings, called maxicircles, approximately 37 kb in length. Kinetoplast DNA,Kinetoplast DNA Maxicircles,Kinetoplast DNA Minicircles,kDNA,kDNA Maxicircles,kDNA Minicircles,DNA Maxicircles, Kinetoplast,DNA Minicircles, Kinetoplast,Maxicircles, Kinetoplast DNA,Maxicircles, kDNA,Minicircles, Kinetoplast DNA,Minicircles, kDNA

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