Rapid human chromosome aberration analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization. 1989

J N Lucas, and T Tenjin, and T Straume, and D Pinkel, and D Moore, and M Litt, and J W Gray
Biomedical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore 94550.

We have used in situ hybridization of repeat-sequence DNA probes, specific to the paracentromric locus 1q12 and the telomeric locus 1p36, to fluorescently stain regions that flank human chromosome 1p. This procedure was used for fast detection of structural aberrations involving human chromosome 1p in two separate experiments. In one, human lymphocytes were irradiated with 0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4 and 3.2 Gy of 137Cs gamma-rays. In the other, human lymphocytes were irradiated with 0, 0.09, 0.18, 2.0, 3.1 and 4.1 Gy of 60Co gamma-rays. The frequencies (per cell) of translocations and dicentrics with one breakpoint in 1p and one elsewhere in the genome were determined for cells irradiated at each dose point. These frequencies both increased with dose, D, in a linear-quadratic manner. The delta, alpha, and beta coefficients resulting from a fit of the equation f(D)=delta + alphaD + betaD2 to the translocation frequency dose-response data were 0.0025, 0.0027 and 0.0037 for 137Cs gamma-rays, and 0.0010, 0.0041, and 0.0057 for 60Co gamma-rays. The delta, alpha, and beta coefficients resulting from a fit to the dicentric frequency dose-response data were 0.0005, 0.0010 and 0.0028 for 137Cs gamma-rays and 0.0001, 0.0002 and 0.0035, for 60Co gamma-rays. Approximately 32,000 metaphase spreads were scored in this study. The average analysis rate was over two metaphase spreads per minute. However, an experienced analyst was able to find and score one metaphase spread every 10s. The importance of this new cytogenetic analysis technique for biological dosimetry and in vivo risk assessment is discussed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008214 Lymphocytes White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS. Lymphoid Cells,Cell, Lymphoid,Cells, Lymphoid,Lymphocyte,Lymphoid Cell
D009693 Nucleic Acid Hybridization Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503) Genomic Hybridization,Acid Hybridization, Nucleic,Acid Hybridizations, Nucleic,Genomic Hybridizations,Hybridization, Genomic,Hybridization, Nucleic Acid,Hybridizations, Genomic,Hybridizations, Nucleic Acid,Nucleic Acid Hybridizations
D002588 Cesium Radioisotopes Unstable isotopes of cesium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cs atoms with atomic weights of 123, 125-132, and 134-145 are radioactive cesium isotopes. Radioisotopes, Cesium
D002869 Chromosome Aberrations Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosome aberrations may result in CHROMOSOME DISORDERS. Autosome Abnormalities,Cytogenetic Aberrations,Abnormalities, Autosome,Abnormalities, Chromosomal,Abnormalities, Chromosome,Chromosomal Aberrations,Chromosome Abnormalities,Cytogenetic Abnormalities,Aberration, Chromosomal,Aberration, Chromosome,Aberration, Cytogenetic,Aberrations, Chromosomal,Aberrations, Chromosome,Aberrations, Cytogenetic,Abnormalities, Cytogenetic,Abnormality, Autosome,Abnormality, Chromosomal,Abnormality, Chromosome,Abnormality, Cytogenetic,Autosome Abnormality,Chromosomal Aberration,Chromosomal Abnormalities,Chromosomal Abnormality,Chromosome Aberration,Chromosome Abnormality,Cytogenetic Aberration,Cytogenetic Abnormality
D002878 Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification. Chromosome 1
D003037 Cobalt Radioisotopes Unstable isotopes of cobalt that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Co atoms with atomic weights of 54-64, except 59, are radioactive cobalt isotopes. Radioisotopes, Cobalt
D005453 Fluorescence The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.
D005720 Gamma Rays Penetrating, high-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted from atomic nuclei during NUCLEAR DECAY. The range of wavelengths of emitted radiation is between 0.1 - 100 pm which overlaps the shorter, more energetic hard X-RAYS wavelengths. The distinction between gamma rays and X-rays is based on their radiation source. Gamma Wave,Gamma Radiation,Nuclear X-Rays,Radiation, Gamma,X-Rays, Nuclear,Gamma Radiations,Gamma Ray,Gamma Waves,Nuclear X Rays,Nuclear X-Ray,Ray, Gamma,Wave, Gamma,Waves, Gamma,X Rays, Nuclear,X-Ray, Nuclear
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013997 Time Factors Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations. Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor

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