Genes, brains, and behavior: imaging genetics for neuropsychiatric disorders. 2015

Ayla Arslan
From the Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Genetics and Bioengineering Dept., International University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; and the Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Dept. of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, Üsküdar, İstanbul, Turkey.

The majority of neuropsychiatric disorders show a strong degree of heritability, yet little is known about molecular factors involved in the pathophysiology of diseases like schizophrenia. After a brief historical introduction into the current understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders, the aim of this study is to discuss imaging genetics as a strategy to explore the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. The candidate gene approach of imaging genetics is used for validation/replication studies of genes, whereas the hypothesis-free, noncandidate gene approach appears to be a tool for gene discovery. Besides, integration of environmental factors into neuroimaging begins to converge on neuroimaging studies of genetic variation. In the light of data from other avenues such as animal experimentation, these developments show a model of interdisciplinary research, which may lead to identifying markers for neuropsychiatric disorders.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D001921 Brain The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM. Encephalon
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001519 Behavior The observable response of a man or animal to a situation. Acceptance Process,Acceptance Processes,Behaviors,Process, Acceptance,Processes, Acceptance
D001523 Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. Mental Illness,Psychiatric Diseases,Psychiatric Disorders,Psychiatric Illness,Behavior Disorders,Diagnosis, Psychiatric,Mental Disorders, Severe,Psychiatric Diagnosis,Illness, Mental,Mental Disorder,Mental Disorder, Severe,Mental Illnesses,Psychiatric Disease,Psychiatric Disorder,Psychiatric Illnesses,Severe Mental Disorder,Severe Mental Disorders
D056726 Genetic Association Studies The analysis of a sequence such as a region of a chromosome, a haplotype, a gene, or an allele for its involvement in controlling the phenotype of a specific trait, metabolic pathway, or disease. Candidate Gene Identification,Candidate Gene Analysis,Candidate Gene Association Studies,Candidate Gene Association Study,Gene Discovery,Genotype-Phenotype Association,Genotype-Phenotype Associations,Genotype-Phenotype Correlation,Genotype-Phenotype Correlations,Analyses, Candidate Gene,Analysis, Candidate Gene,Association Studies, Genetic,Association Study, Genetic,Association, Genotype-Phenotype,Associations, Genotype-Phenotype,Candidate Gene Analyses,Correlation, Genotype-Phenotype,Correlations, Genotype-Phenotype,Discovery, Gene,Gene Analyses, Candidate,Gene Analysis, Candidate,Gene Identification, Candidate,Genetic Association Study,Genotype Phenotype Association,Genotype Phenotype Associations,Genotype Phenotype Correlation,Genotype Phenotype Correlations,Identification, Candidate Gene,Studies, Genetic Association,Study, Genetic Association
D058068 Endophenotypes Measurable biological (physiological, biochemical, and anatomical features), behavioral (psychometric pattern) or cognitive markers that are found more often in individuals with a disease than in the general population. Because many endophenotypes are present before the disease onset and in individuals with heritable risk for disease such as unaffected family members, they can be used to help diagnose and search for causative genes. Endophenotype
D059647 Gene-Environment Interaction The combined effects of genotypes and environmental factors together on phenotypic characteristics. Environment-Gene Interaction,Environment Gene Interaction,Environment-Gene Interactions,Gene Environment Interaction,Gene-Environment Interactions,Interaction, Environment-Gene,Interaction, Gene-Environment,Interactions, Environment-Gene,Interactions, Gene-Environment
D059906 Neuroimaging Non-invasive methods of visualizing the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the brain, by various imaging modalities. Brain Imaging,Imaging, Brain
D020022 Genetic Predisposition to Disease A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions. Genetic Predisposition,Genetic Susceptibility,Predisposition, Genetic,Susceptibility, Genetic,Genetic Predispositions,Genetic Susceptibilities,Predispositions, Genetic,Susceptibilities, Genetic

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