Biomaterial Database

MAP kinase cascades regulating axon regeneration in C. elegans. 2015

Strahil Iv Pastuhov, and Naoki Hisamoto, and Kunihiro Matsumoto

Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades are activated by diverse stimuli such as growth factors, cytokines, neurotransmitters and various types of cellular stress. Our evolving understanding of these signal cascades has been facilitated by genetic analyses and physiological characterization in model organisms such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetic and biochemical studies in C. elegans have shed light on the physiological roles of MAPK cascades in the control of cell fate decision, neuronal function and immunity. Recently it was demonstrated that MAPK signaling is also important for axon regeneration in C. elegans, and the use of C. elegans as a model system has significantly advanced our understanding of the largely conserved molecular mechanisms underlying axon regeneration. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role and regulation of MAPK signaling in C. elegans axon regeneration.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009416	Nerve Regeneration	Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.	Nerve Tissue Regeneration,Nervous Tissue Regeneration,Neural Tissue Regeneration,Nerve Tissue Regenerations,Nervous Tissue Regenerations,Neural Tissue Regenerations,Regeneration, Nerve,Regeneration, Nerve Tissue,Regeneration, Nervous Tissue,Regeneration, Neural Tissue,Tissue Regeneration, Nerve,Tissue Regeneration, Nervous,Tissue Regeneration, Neural
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001369	Axons	Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.	Axon
D017173	Caenorhabditis elegans	A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.	Caenorhabditis elegan,elegan, Caenorhabditis
D020935	MAP Kinase Signaling System	An intracellular signaling system involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.	MAP Kinase Cascade,MAP Kinase Module,MAP Kinase Signaling Cascade,MAP Kinase Signaling Pathway,MAP Kinase Signaling Pathways,ERK Pathway,ERK Signal Tranduction Pathway,ERK1 and ERK2 Pathway,ERK1-2 Pathway,JNK Pathway,JNK Signaling Pathway,MAP Kinase Modules,MAP Kinase Signaling Cascades,MEK-ERK Pathway,p38 Kinase Pathway,p38 Kinase Signaling Pathway,Cascade, MAP Kinase,ERK Pathways,ERK1 2 Pathway,ERK1-2 Pathways,JNK Pathways,JNK Signaling Pathways,Kinase Cascade, MAP,Kinase Pathway, p38,Kinase Pathways, p38,MAP Kinase Cascades,MEK ERK Pathway,MEK-ERK Pathways,Module, MAP Kinase,Pathway, ERK,Pathway, ERK1-2,Pathway, JNK,Pathway, JNK Signaling,Pathway, MEK-ERK,Pathway, p38 Kinase,Pathways, ERK,Pathways, ERK1-2,Pathways, JNK,Pathways, JNK Signaling,Pathways, MEK-ERK,Pathways, p38 Kinase,Signaling Pathway, JNK,Signaling Pathways, JNK,p38 Kinase Pathways
D063388	Endocannabinoids	Fatty acid derivatives that have specificity for CANNABINOID RECEPTORS. They are structurally distinct from CANNABINOIDS and were originally discovered as a group of endogenous CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AGONISTS.	Endocannabinoid