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A highly efficient procedure for the transformation of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis using covalently closed circular plasmid DNA was developed by using the small Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pC194 and electroporation. We have achieved transformation efficiencies in B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (HD-73) greater than 5 x 10(6) transformants/micrograms plasmid DNA. The electro-transformation (or electroporation) procedure also worked with B. subtilis 168 although at a 200-fold less level of efficiency. The results indicated that the plasmid exists in double and single-stranded forms both in B. subtilis and B. thuringiensis. A second single-stranded species was also observed in both species. This technique may prove to be applicable to other members of the genus Bacillus.
L Masson, and
G Préfontaine, and
R Brousseau
June 1989,
Applied and environmental microbiology,
L Masson, and
G Préfontaine, and
R Brousseau
April 1989,
FEMS microbiology letters,
L Masson, and
G Préfontaine, and
R Brousseau
March 1987,
Journal of bacteriology,
L Masson, and
G Préfontaine, and
R Brousseau
December 2004,
Current microbiology,
L Masson, and
G Préfontaine, and
R Brousseau
October 1989,
FEMS microbiology letters,
L Masson, and
G Préfontaine, and
R Brousseau
January 1990,
FEMS microbiology letters,
L Masson, and
G Préfontaine, and
R Brousseau
September 1970,
Canadian journal of microbiology,
L Masson, and
G Préfontaine, and
R Brousseau
January 1997,
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry,
L Masson, and
G Préfontaine, and
R Brousseau
October 1986,
Applied and environmental microbiology,
L Masson, and
G Préfontaine, and
R Brousseau
March 1989,
Molekuliarnaia genetika, mikrobiologiia i virusologiia,
