Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry has been applied to qualitative analysis of oligomeric phenylethoxysiloxanols, a class of organosilanols as active intermediates to polyhedral silsesquioxanes. The phenylethoxysiloxanol samples were prepared by controlled acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of phenyltriethoxysilane at various molar equivalents of water (r1) and characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques. Using a gradient binary water-methanol mobile phase, these reaction products were resolved on octadecylsiloxane silica stationary phase and subsequently identified by online electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection. Results show that the reaction products are composed of a multitude of linear and monocyclic siloxanol oligomers with various numbers of silicon atoms and hydroxyl groups, depending upon the reaction conditions used. With the r1 value increasing from 0.5 to 2.0, the chain lengths of the oligomers increase slightly but the numbers of hydroxyl groups increase considerably, accompanying by structural evolution from chains to rings. Characterization of the retention behavior of these oligomers indicates that hydrophobic interactions of phenyl and ethoxy groups with the stationary phase are responsible for their retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography.