An in vitro evaluation of the effect of fluoride products on white spot lesion remineralization. 2015

Agnieszka Mielczarek, and Tomasz Gedrange, and Joanna Michalik

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of combinations of fluoride (F) products on remineralization of caries-like lesions. METHODS Demineralized human enamel specimens were assessed by surface microhardness (SMH), stratified and allocated to five treatments groups: (1) Toothpaste containing 1% nano hydroxyapatite (HAP) + 1,450 ppm F; (2) Tooth mousse containing 10% casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) + 900 ppm F plus F toothpaste (1,450 ppm F as NaF); (3) F varnish containing 22,600 ppm F plus F toothpaste (1,450 ppm F as NaF); (4) F toothpaste (1,450 ppm F as NaF); and (5) placebo--distilled water (P). Each group was treated in a 21-day pH-cycling model. Groups 1, 4 and 5 were treated 2x/day. In Group 3, the tooth mousse was administered 1x/day plus 2x/day F toothpaste treatment. In Group 4, F varnish was administered 1x/week plus 2x/day treatment with F toothpaste. After cycling, SMH was re-measured and cross-sectional microhardness measurements were taken. RESULTS Groups 1-4 produced significant rehardening of enamel. In the superficial layer (25-50 μm deep) significantly higher mineralization (up to 83%, by Volume (V), P < 0.0001) was achieved for Groups 2 and 3. In the area of 75-100 μm deep, the highest mineralization was observed for Groups 1 and 4 (V% = 68-83%).

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008422 Materials Testing The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility. Biocompatibility Testing,Biocompatible Materials Testing,Hemocompatibility Testing,Testing, Biocompatible Materials,Testing, Hemocompatible Materials,Hemocompatibility Testings,Hemocompatible Materials Testing,Materials Testing, Biocompatible,Materials Testing, Hemocompatible,Testing, Biocompatibility,Testing, Hemocompatibility,Testing, Materials,Testings, Biocompatibility
D008903 Minerals Native, inorganic or fossilized organic substances having a definite chemical composition and formed by inorganic reactions. They may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other mineral or rock. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Mineral
D010919 Placebos Any dummy medication or treatment. Although placebos originally were medicinal preparations having no specific pharmacological activity against a targeted condition, the concept has been extended to include treatments or procedures, especially those administered to control groups in clinical trials in order to provide baseline measurements for the experimental protocol. Sham Treatment
D002327 Cariostatic Agents Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed) Cariostatic Effect,Cariostatic Effects,Agent, Cariostatic,Agents, Cariostatic,Cariostatic Agent,Effect, Cariostatic,Effects, Cariostatic
D002364 Caseins A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones. alpha-Casein,gamma-Casein,AD beta-Casein,Acetylated, Dephosphorylated beta-Casein,Casein,Casein A,K-Casein,Sodium Caseinate,alpha(S1)-Casein,alpha(S1)-Casein A,alpha(S1)-Casein B,alpha(S1)-Casein C,alpha(S2)-Casein,alpha-Caseins,beta-Casein,beta-Caseins,epsilon-Casein,gamma-Caseins,kappa-Casein,kappa-Caseins,AD beta Casein,Caseinate, Sodium,K Casein,alpha Casein,alpha Caseins,beta Casein,beta Caseins,beta-Casein Acetylated, Dephosphorylated,beta-Casein, AD,epsilon Casein,gamma Casein,gamma Caseins,kappa Casein,kappa Caseins
D003731 Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp. Caries, Dental,Carious Lesions,Dental Cavities,Dental Cavity,Dental Decay,Dental White Spots,Carious Dentin,Decay, Dental,Dental White Spot,White Spot, Dental,White Spots, Dental,Carious Dentins,Carious Lesion,Cavities, Dental,Cavity, Dental,Dentin, Carious,Dentins, Carious,Lesion, Carious,Lesions, Carious,Spot, Dental White,Spots, Dental White
D003743 Dental Enamel A hard thin translucent layer of calcified substance which envelops and protects the dentin of the crown of the tooth. It is the hardest substance in the body and is almost entirely composed of calcium salts. Under the microscope, it is composed of thin rods (enamel prisms) held together by cementing substance, and surrounded by an enamel sheath. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286) Enamel,Enamel Cuticle,Dental Enamels,Enamel, Dental,Enamels, Dental,Cuticle, Enamel,Cuticles, Enamel,Enamel Cuticles,Enamels
D005459 Fluorides Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices. Fluoride
D005460 Fluorides, Topical Fluorides, usually in pastes or gels, used for topical application to reduce the incidence of DENTAL CARIES. Fluoride Varnishes,Topical Fluorides,Varnishes, Fluoride
D006244 Hardness The mechanical property of material that determines its resistance to force. HARDNESS TESTS measure this property. Hardnesses

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