Biomaterial Database

Effect of levamisole on parenteral vaccines for swine dysentery. 1989

E M Jenkins, and C Hurdle

Leucocyte migration-inhibition and humoral antibody responses (HAR) were demonstrated in swine immunized with particulate or soluble antigen of Treponema hyodysenteriae. Levamisole (at the recommended deworming level), given simultaneously with particulate vaccine did not significantly (P greater than 0.05) enhance nor suppress the leucocyte migration-inhibition response. However, an enhancing leucocyte migration-inhibition of the drug was seen in pigs given soluble vaccine in combination with levamisole compared with those receiving soluble antigen alone. Levamisole generally suppressed the HAR throughout the immunization schedule of pigs given soluble or particulate vaccine. There was no significant suppression (P greater than 0.05) of clinical signs of swine dysentery (SD) in animals given particulate vaccine nor in those receiving this vaccine plus levamisole. However, pigs receiving soluble vaccine plus levamisole had fewer clinical signs of SD as well as significantly (P less than 0.05) fewer shedding episodes of T. hyodysenteriae than those given soluble antigen alone. When compared with the control pigs, swine vaccinated with soluble antigen had fewer days of total diarrhoea and shedding episodes of T. hyodysenteriae. However, the diarrhoea of vaccinated pigs was not significantly (P greater than 0.05) delayed when compared to the unvaccinated swine.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007978	Levamisole	An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)	L-Tetramisole,Levotetramisole,Decaris,Dekaris,Levamisole Hydrochloride,Solaskil,Hydrochloride, Levamisole
D002464	Cell Migration Inhibition	Phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity measured by in vitro inhibition of the migration or phagocytosis of antigen-stimulated LEUKOCYTES or MACROPHAGES. Specific CELL MIGRATION ASSAYS have been developed to estimate levels of migration inhibitory factors, immune reactivity against tumor-associated antigens, and immunosuppressive effects of infectious microorganisms.	Chemotaxis Inhibition,Chemotaxis Inhibitions,Inhibition, Chemotaxis,Inhibitions, Chemotaxis
D004403	Dysentery	Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION.	Infectious Diarrheal Disease,Diarrheal Disease, Infectious,Infectious Diarrheal Diseases
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000907	Antibodies, Bacterial	Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.	Bacterial Antibodies
D001428	Bacterial Vaccines	Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.	Bacterial Vaccine,Bacterin,Vaccine, Bacterial,Vaccines, Bacterial
D013552	Swine	Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).	Phacochoerus,Pigs,Suidae,Warthogs,Wart Hogs,Hog, Wart,Hogs, Wart,Wart Hog
D013553	Swine Diseases	Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	Disease, Swine,Diseases, Swine,Swine Disease
D014208	Treponema	A genus of microorganisms of the order SPIROCHAETALES, many of which are pathogenic and parasitic for man and animals.
D014211	Treponemal Infections	Infections with bacteria of the genus TREPONEMA.	Bejel,Infections, Treponemal,Bejels,Infection, Treponemal,Treponemal Infection