Using the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method, we determined whether axons of the spinocerebellar tract (SCT) neurons pass through the superior (SCP) or the inferior (ICP) cerebellar peduncle in rats. Following bilateral section of either the SCPs or the ICPs, HRP was injected into the cerebellar anterior lobe and lobule VI, and the resulting labeled neurons were quantitatively examined throughout the length of the spinal cord. Almost all SCT neurons in the central cervical nucleus, Clarke's column and lamina VII of the third cervical (C3) to third thoracic (T3) segments and the T11 to fifth lumbar (L5) segments, and the majority of SCT neurons in the ventrolateral part of the anterior horn of the L6 to caudal (Ca) segments and laminae V of the C8-L5 segments and VII of the L6-Ca segments project their axons through the ICPs. The majority of spinal border cells (T11-L5) and a large number of SCT neurons in lamina VII of the C3-T3, T11-L5 and L6-Ca segments project their axons through the SCPs. A nearly equal number of SCT neurons in lamina VIII (C1-L6) send axons through the SCPs or the ICPs. The proportion of SCT neurons projecting via the SCPs versus those projecting via the ICPs was approximately 1:5.