Biomaterial Database

Adaptation of energy metabolism of overweight women to alternating and continuous low energy intake. 1989

L C de Groot, and A J van Es, and J M van Raaij, and J E Vogt, and J G Hautvast

Department of Animal Physiology, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

To investigate whether a slimming diet based on alternating (low with normal) energy intakes could counteract a decrease in energy requirement, 24-h energy expenditure (24EE), sleeping energy expenditure (sleeping EE), and physical activity were determined in a respiration chamber in 27 overweight women: before weight reduction and after 4 and 8 wk of slimming. Daily alternating and continuous slimming diets were supplied. Average weight losses over 8 wk of slimming were 6.9-9.0 kg. After 8 wk at low energy intake, 24EE had declined by 12-16% (from 2328 +/- 219 to 1987 +/- 204 kcal, mean +/- SD). Sleeping EE had declined by 7-13% (from 64 +/- 6 to 57 +/- 6 kcal/h). Measurements of physical activity indicated a reduction of spontaneous physical activity during slimming. Alternating low energy intake did not prevent 24EE from declining. The reduction in 24EE was determined by a decrease of body weight, dietary induced thermogenesis (in proportion to caloric restriction), and physical activity. There seems little reason to consider other adaptive mechanisms.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D009584	Nitrogen	An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.
D009765	Obesity	A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).
D010101	Oxygen Consumption	The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)	Consumption, Oxygen,Consumptions, Oxygen,Oxygen Consumptions
D001823	Body Composition	The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.	Body Compositions,Composition, Body,Compositions, Body
D002149	Energy Intake	Total number of calories taken in daily whether ingested or by parenteral routes.	Caloric Intake,Calorie Intake,Intake, Calorie,Intake, Energy
D004038	Diet, Reducing	A diet designed to cause an individual to lose weight.	Weight Loss Diet,Weight Reduction Diet,Diet, Weight Loss,Diet, Weight Reduction,Diets, Reducing,Diets, Weight Loss,Diets, Weight Reduction,Reducing Diet,Reducing Diets,Weight Loss Diets,Weight Reduction Diets
D004734	Energy Metabolism	The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.	Bioenergetics,Energy Expenditure,Bioenergetic,Energy Expenditures,Energy Metabolisms,Expenditure, Energy,Expenditures, Energy,Metabolism, Energy,Metabolisms, Energy
D005082	Physical Exertion	Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.	Physical Effort,Effort, Physical,Efforts, Physical,Exertion, Physical,Exertions, Physical,Physical Efforts,Physical Exertions
D005260	Female		Females