Vascular Mural Cells Promote Noradrenergic Differentiation of Embryonic Sympathetic Neurons. 2015

Vitor Fortuna, and Luc Pardanaud, and Isabelle Brunet, and Roxana Ola, and Emma Ristori, and Massimo M Santoro, and Stefania Nicoli, and Anne Eichmann
Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Brazil.

The sympathetic nervous system controls smooth muscle tone and heart rate in the cardiovascular system. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons (SNs) develop in close proximity to the dorsal aorta (DA) and innervate visceral smooth muscle targets. Here, we use the zebrafish embryo to ask whether the DA is required for SN development. We show that noradrenergic (NA) differentiation of SN precursors temporally coincides with vascular mural cell (VMC) recruitment to the DA and vascular maturation. Blocking vascular maturation inhibits VMC recruitment and blocks NA differentiation of SN precursors. Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling prevents VMC differentiation and also blocks NA differentiation of SN precursors. NA differentiation is normal in cloche mutants that are devoid of endothelial cells but have VMCs. Thus, PDGFR-mediated mural cell recruitment mediates neurovascular interactions between the aorta and sympathetic precursors and promotes their noradrenergic differentiation.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D004730 Endothelium, Vascular Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components. Capillary Endothelium,Vascular Endothelium,Capillary Endotheliums,Endothelium, Capillary,Endotheliums, Capillary,Endotheliums, Vascular,Vascular Endotheliums
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001011 Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Aortas
D015027 Zebrafish An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. Zebrafish is a model organism for drug assay and cancer research. Brachydanio rerio,Danio rerio,B. rerio,D. rerio,Zebra Fish,Zebra Fishes,Zebra danio,Zebrafishes,D. rerios,Fishes, Zebra,Zebra danios,danio, Zebra
D017479 Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Specific receptors on cell membranes that react with PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR, its analogs, or antagonists. The alpha PDGF receptor (RECEPTOR, PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA) and the beta PDGF receptor (RECEPTOR, PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR BETA) are the two principle types of PDGF receptors. Activation of the protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the receptors occurs by ligand-induced dimerization or heterodimerization of PDGF receptor types. PDGF Receptors,Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptors,Receptors, PDGF,PDGF Receptor,Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor,Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor,Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptors,Receptor, PDGF,Receptors, Platelet Derived Growth Factor
D017779 Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic Nerve fibers which project from sympathetic ganglia to synapses on target organs. Sympathetic postganglionic fibers use norepinephrine as transmitter, except for those innervating eccrine sweat glands (and possibly some blood vessels) which use acetylcholine. They may also release peptide cotransmitters. Fiber, Postganglionic Sympathetic,Fibers, Postganglionic Sympathetic,Postganglionic Sympathetic Fiber,Postganglionic Sympathetic Fibers,Sympathetic Fiber, Postganglionic
D042783 Endothelial Cells Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer. Capillary Endothelial Cells,Lymphatic Endothelial Cells,Vascular Endothelial Cells,Capillary Endothelial Cell,Cell, Capillary Endothelial,Cell, Endothelial,Cell, Lymphatic Endothelial,Cell, Vascular Endothelial,Cells, Capillary Endothelial,Cells, Endothelial,Cells, Lymphatic Endothelial,Cells, Vascular Endothelial,Endothelial Cell,Endothelial Cell, Capillary,Endothelial Cell, Lymphatic,Endothelial Cell, Vascular,Endothelial Cells, Capillary,Endothelial Cells, Lymphatic,Endothelial Cells, Vascular,Lymphatic Endothelial Cell,Vascular Endothelial Cell
D055495 Neurogenesis Formation of NEURONS which involves the differentiation and division of STEM CELLS in which one or both of the daughter cells become neurons. Neurogeneses
D058953 Neural Stem Cells Self-renewing cells that generate the main phenotypes of the nervous system in both the embryo and adult. Neural stem cells are precursors to both NEURONS and NEUROGLIA. Cell, Neural Stem,Cells, Neural Stem,Neural Stem Cell,Stem Cell, Neural,Stem Cells, Neural
D059331 Adrenergic Neurons Neurons whose primary neurotransmitter is EPINEPHRINE. Noradrenergic Neurons,Adrenergic Neuron,Neuron, Adrenergic,Neuron, Noradrenergic,Neurons, Adrenergic,Neurons, Noradrenergic,Noradrenergic Neuron

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