Endophthalmitis following cataract surgery is rare but continues to be a serious complication following cataract surgery. Over the years, the incidence of endophthalmitis has declined because of various preoperative and perioperative measures. They include use of antiseptic and appropriate surgical draping techniques. In this review, we have focused on the incidence, existing risk factors, various clinical features, management strategies, and prophylaxis pertaining to postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. Outcomes and pitfalls of 2 landmark studies, namely, the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study and the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons Endophthalmitis Study, are briefly mentioned.Infectious endophthalmitis following cataract surgery is a dreaded complication. Preoperative identification of risk factors and effective prophylaxis could help in reducing its incidence. Early diagnosis followed by management of these patients either with vitreous tap or vitrectomy coupled with intravitreal antibiotics holds the key.