Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is caused by platelet autoantibodies and T-cell dysregulation. Both platelets and their precursor megakaryocytes may be targeted leading to platelet destruction and insufficient production. Current treatments for ITP, including corticosteroids, rituximab, splenectomy and TPO receptor agonists can not reverse the disease process and can be limited by their side effects including infection and thrombosis. New methods, such as anti-CD154 antibody, FcγRIIb and Syk (spleen tyrosine kinase) inhibitor, can target at certain key steps in the disease process, showing the potential to limite systemic side effects and to decrease the morbidity and mortality of ITP patients. In this article, the recent therapeutic strategies, the new types of drugs and the further study orientation (or the way of further studies) are reviewed.