Regularities of the skeletal muscle tissue histogenesis have been studied in the canine shin at its elongation by 50% of its initial length by means of the mono- and bilocal distractive osteosynthesis after Ilizarov. Using light and electron microscopy, it has been stated that under conditions of monolocal distractive osteosynthesis, when the strain effort acts in the area of the muscle belly, together with elongation dystrophic and necrotic changes, proliferation of the intermuscular connective tissue and atrophy of myons increase. In a half of a year, after cessation of distraction there is no complete restoration of the skeletal muscle tissue structure. Under conditions of bilocal distractive osteosynthesis, when the conditions of the muscle distortion are comparable to those existing during the period of the extremity growth, cellular type of regeneration in the skeletal muscle tissue predominates. Therefore growth of the muscle fibers is longitudinal, like that of their growth in the process of ontogenesis and the structure of the muscle tissue of the extremity elongated is preserved. The results of the experiment performed demonstrate certain prospectiveness of application of the bilocal distractive osteosynthesis method in practical orthopedics.