Biomaterial Database

Botulinum toxin A for upper limb spasticity. 2015

Gert Kwakkel, and Carel G M Meskers

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre Reade Amsterdam, Netherlands. Electronic address: g.kwakkel@vumc.nl.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D009128	Muscle Spasticity	A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a "free interval") followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)	Clasp-Knife Spasticity,Spastic,Clasp Knife Spasticity,Spasticity, Clasp-Knife,Spasticity, Muscle
D010291	Paresis	A general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for PARALYSIS (severe or complete loss of motor function). In the older literature, paresis often referred specifically to paretic neurosyphilis (see NEUROSYPHILIS). "General paresis" and "general paralysis" may still carry that connotation. Bilateral lower extremity paresis is referred to as PARAPARESIS.	Hemiparesis,Muscle Paresis,Brachial Paresis,Crural Paresis,Lower Extremity Paresis,Monoparesis,Muscular Paresis,Upper Extremity Paresis,Brachial Pareses,Crural Pareses,Extremity Pareses, Lower,Extremity Pareses, Upper,Extremity Paresis, Lower,Extremity Paresis, Upper,Hemipareses,Lower Extremity Pareses,Monopareses,Muscle Pareses,Muscular Pareses,Pareses,Pareses, Brachial,Pareses, Crural,Pareses, Lower Extremity,Pareses, Muscle,Pareses, Muscular,Pareses, Upper Extremity,Paresis, Brachial,Paresis, Crural,Paresis, Lower Extremity,Paresis, Muscle,Paresis, Muscular,Paresis, Upper Extremity,Upper Extremity Pareses
D001930	Brain Injuries	Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	Brain Lacerations,Acute Brain Injuries,Brain Injuries, Acute,Brain Injuries, Focal,Focal Brain Injuries,Injuries, Acute Brain,Injuries, Brain,Acute Brain Injury,Brain Injury,Brain Injury, Acute,Brain Injury, Focal,Brain Laceration,Focal Brain Injury,Injuries, Focal Brain,Injury, Acute Brain,Injury, Brain,Injury, Focal Brain,Laceration, Brain,Lacerations, Brain
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D019274	Botulinum Toxins, Type A	A serotype of botulinum toxins that has specificity for cleavage of SYNAPTOSOMAL-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 25.	Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A,Botulinum Toxin A,Botulinum Toxin Type A,Botox,Botulinum A Toxin,Botulinum Neurotoxin A,Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type A,Clostridium botulinum A Toxin,Meditoxin,Neuronox,Oculinum,Onabotulinumtoxin A,OnabotulinumtoxinA,Vistabel,Vistabex,Neurotoxin A, Botulinum,Toxin A, Botulinum,Toxin, Botulinum A
D020521	Stroke	A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	Apoplexy,Cerebral Stroke,Cerebrovascular Accident,Cerebrovascular Apoplexy,Vascular Accident, Brain,CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident),Cerebrovascular Accident, Acute,Cerebrovascular Stroke,Stroke, Acute,Acute Cerebrovascular Accident,Acute Cerebrovascular Accidents,Acute Stroke,Acute Strokes,Apoplexy, Cerebrovascular,Brain Vascular Accident,Brain Vascular Accidents,CVAs (Cerebrovascular Accident),Cerebral Strokes,Cerebrovascular Accidents,Cerebrovascular Accidents, Acute,Cerebrovascular Strokes,Stroke, Cerebral,Stroke, Cerebrovascular,Strokes,Strokes, Acute,Strokes, Cerebral,Strokes, Cerebrovascular,Vascular Accidents, Brain
D034941	Upper Extremity	The region of the upper limb in animals, extending from the deltoid region to the HAND, and including the ARM; AXILLA; and SHOULDER.	Extremity, Upper,Membrum superius,Upper Limb,Extremities, Upper,Limb, Upper,Limbs, Upper,Upper Extremities,Upper Limbs
D065087	Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors	Compounds that block release of the neurotransmitter ACETYLCHOLINE.	Acetylcholine Release Antagonists,Acetylcholine Release Blockers,Antagonists, Acetylcholine Release,Blockers, Acetylcholine Release,Inhibitors, Acetylcholine Release,Release Blockers, Acetylcholine