Biomaterial Database

AKI in patients with acute on chronic liver failure is different from acute decompensation of cirrhosis. 2015

Rakhi Maiwall, and Suman Kumar, and Shivendra Singh Chandel, and Guresh Kumar, and Archana Rastogi, and Chhagan Bihari, and Manoj Kumar Sharma, and Bhaskar Thakur, and K Jamwal, and Suman Nayak, and R P Mathur, and S K Sarin

Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), D1, Vasantkunj, New Delhi, 110070, India.

OBJECTIVE The current definitions of acute kidney injury (AKI) including HRS have been derived from patients with decompensated cirrhosis. No studies have carefully addressed AKI in patients with acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF). We evaluated the prevalence, spectrum, natural history and mortality of AKI at admission and new-onset AKI in hospitalized patients with ACLF and compared the results with patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis (ADC). METHODS Consecutive patients with ACLF (n = 382) and ADC (n = 451) were prospectively studied. Serial renal and liver functions were recorded and correlated with the disease course and outcome. RESULTS AKI at admission and new onset AKI in the hospital were not different in patients with ACLF and ADC (p > 0.05). However, a significant difference in the spectrum of AKI was noted; functional volume-responsive AKI was more common (p < 0.05) in ADC, while patients with ACLF more frequently had the structural form of AKI (p < 0.05). Moreover, patients with ADC had significantly less AKI progression (p < 0.05) and prolonged duration (p < 0.05), a lower requirement of RRT (p < 0.05) and also less AKI resolution (p < 0.05) compared to ACLF patients. Patients with ACLF (versus ADC) had a significantly higher mortality on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS The kidneys are differentially affected in patients with cirrhosis with or without liver failure. Patients with ACLF with AKI have more structural AKI, greater potential for reversibility despite higher progression as well as higher mortality compared to patients with ADC. Prevention and early detection of AKI should be considered in patients with ACLF.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007194	India	A country in southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan. The capitol is New Delhi.	Republic of India
D007668	Kidney	Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.	Kidneys
D008099	Liver	A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.	Livers
D008103	Liver Cirrhosis	Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	Cirrhosis, Liver,Fibrosis, Liver,Hepatic Cirrhosis,Liver Fibrosis,Cirrhosis, Hepatic
D008279	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.	Chemical Shift Imaging,MR Tomography,MRI Scans,MRI, Functional,Magnetic Resonance Image,Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional,Magnetization Transfer Contrast Imaging,NMR Imaging,NMR Tomography,Tomography, NMR,Tomography, Proton Spin,fMRI,Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Imaging, Chemical Shift,Proton Spin Tomography,Spin Echo Imaging,Steady-State Free Precession MRI,Tomography, MR,Zeugmatography,Chemical Shift Imagings,Echo Imaging, Spin,Echo Imagings, Spin,Functional MRI,Functional MRIs,Image, Magnetic Resonance,Imaging, Magnetic Resonance,Imaging, NMR,Imaging, Spin Echo,Imagings, Chemical Shift,Imagings, Spin Echo,MRI Scan,MRIs, Functional,Magnetic Resonance Images,Resonance Image, Magnetic,Scan, MRI,Scans, MRI,Shift Imaging, Chemical,Shift Imagings, Chemical,Spin Echo Imagings,Steady State Free Precession MRI
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D011379	Prognosis	A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.	Prognostic Factor,Prognostic Factors,Factor, Prognostic,Factors, Prognostic,Prognoses
D011446	Prospective Studies	Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.	Prospective Study,Studies, Prospective,Study, Prospective
D005260	Female		Females