Selective regulation of Mmp13 by 1,25(OH)2D3, PTH, and Osterix through distal enhancers. 2016

Mark B Meyer, and Nancy A Benkusky, and Melda Onal, and J Wesley Pike
University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Electronic address: mmeyer@biochem.wisc.edu.

Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13, collagenase-3) is a vital component for chondrocyte and osteoblast maturation, and is aberrantly expressed in numerous disease states. At the transcriptional level, Mmp13 is controlled by many different growth factors and hormones. Most notably, Mmp13 is regulated by the vitamin D hormone (1,25(OH)2D3), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and several cytokines. These activities occur through participation by the transcription factors VDR, RUNX2, FOS, JUN, and Osterix (OSX), respectively. Recently, we discovered that Mmp13 is regulated by elements quite distal to the transcriptional start site -10, -20, and -30kb upstream. These enhancers, along with minor contributions from the region proximal to the promoter, are responsible for the ligand inducible and, most strikingly, the basal activities of Mmp13 gene regulation. Here, we found that the actions of PTH and OSX do not occur through the -10kb VDR bound enhancer. Rather, the -30kb RUNX2 bound enhancer and the promoter proximal regions were essential for activity. Through RUNX2 deletion and OSX overexpression in cells, we showed a specific role for OSX in Mmp13 regulation. Finally, we created an in vivo CRISPR deleted -10kb enhancer mouse model. Despite normal bone density and growth, they fail to up-regulate Mmp13 in response to 1,25(OH)2D3. These data are consistent with those obtained through UAMS osteoblast cell culture and further define the specific roles of distal enhancers in the regulation of Mmp13.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D010006 Osteoblasts Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone. Osteoblast
D010281 Parathyroid Hormone A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates. Natpara,PTH (1-84),PTH(1-34),Parathormone,Parathyrin,Parathyroid Hormone (1-34),Parathyroid Hormone (1-84),Parathyroid Hormone Peptide (1-34),Hormone, Parathyroid
D011401 Promoter Regions, Genetic DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes. rRNA Promoter,Early Promoters, Genetic,Late Promoters, Genetic,Middle Promoters, Genetic,Promoter Regions,Promoter, Genetic,Promotor Regions,Promotor, Genetic,Pseudopromoter, Genetic,Early Promoter, Genetic,Genetic Late Promoter,Genetic Middle Promoters,Genetic Promoter,Genetic Promoter Region,Genetic Promoter Regions,Genetic Promoters,Genetic Promotor,Genetic Promotors,Genetic Pseudopromoter,Genetic Pseudopromoters,Late Promoter, Genetic,Middle Promoter, Genetic,Promoter Region,Promoter Region, Genetic,Promoter, Genetic Early,Promoter, rRNA,Promoters, Genetic,Promoters, Genetic Middle,Promoters, rRNA,Promotor Region,Promotors, Genetic,Pseudopromoters, Genetic,Region, Genetic Promoter,Region, Promoter,Region, Promotor,Regions, Genetic Promoter,Regions, Promoter,Regions, Promotor,rRNA Promoters
D002117 Calcitriol The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption. 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol,1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3,1, 25-(OH)2D3,1,25(OH)2D3,1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol,1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3,1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy-20-epi-Vitamin D3,1,25(OH)2-20epi-D3,1,25-dihydroxy-20-epi-Vitamin D3,20-epi-1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecaliferol,Bocatriol,Calcijex,Calcitriol KyraMed,Calcitriol-Nefro,Decostriol,MC-1288,MC1288,Osteotriol,Renatriol,Rocaltrol,Silkis,Sitriol,Soltriol,Tirocal,1 alpha,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3,1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol,1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3,1,25 dihydroxy 20 epi Vitamin D3,Calcitriol Nefro,D3, 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin,D3, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin,D3, 1,25-dihydroxy-20-epi-Vitamin,KyraMed, Calcitriol,MC 1288
D002460 Cell Line Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely. Cell Lines,Line, Cell,Lines, Cell
D004742 Enhancer Elements, Genetic Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter. Enhancer Elements,Enhancer Sequences,Element, Enhancer,Element, Genetic Enhancer,Elements, Enhancer,Elements, Genetic Enhancer,Enhancer Element,Enhancer Element, Genetic,Enhancer Sequence,Genetic Enhancer Element,Genetic Enhancer Elements,Sequence, Enhancer,Sequences, Enhancer
D005260 Female Females
D005786 Gene Expression Regulation Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation. Gene Action Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression,Expression Regulation, Gene,Regulation, Gene Action,Regulation, Gene Expression
D000072669 Gene Editing Genetic engineering or molecular biology techniques that involve DNA REPAIR mechanisms for incorporating site-specific modifications into a cell's genome. Base Editing,Genome Editing,Editing, Base,Editing, Gene,Editing, Genome

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