Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa. 2015

Guang-Hua Mao, and Yi Ren, and Wei-Wei Feng, and Qian Li, and Hui-Yu Wu, and Dun Jin, and Ting Zhao, and Cai-Quan Xu, and Liu-Qing Yang, and Xiang-Yang Wu
School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.

Grifola frondosa has long been known and respected as a medically important fungus. This study investigated the characterization, antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide named GP11 purified from G. frondosa. The results revealed that GP11 was composed of → 1)-D-Manp-(6 →,→ 1)-D-Glcp-(4 →,→ 1)-D-Galp-(6 → and → 2,3,6)-D-Glcp-(1 →, with branches attached at O-2,3 of 1,2,3,6-linked Glcp residues and terminal T-Glcp. GP11 exhibited indirect cytotoxic activity against HepG-2 cells in vitro, and it significantly inhibited the growth of Heps cells in vivo. GP11 increased the relative thymus and spleen weights as well as serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-2 levels. GP11 stimulated tumoricidal activity and the production of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α and interleukin-1β, and it also stimulated the protein expression of iNOS and mRNA expression of iNOS and TNF-α. TLR-4 is a potential receptor for GP11-mediated macrophage activation. The results suggested that the antitumor activity of GP11 may be due to the improvement of immune functions through the TLR-4-mediated up-regulation of NO and TNF-α.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007155 Immunologic Factors Biologically active substances whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immune system. Biological Response Modifier,Biomodulator,Immune Factor,Immunological Factor,Immunomodulator,Immunomodulators,Biological Response Modifiers,Biomodulators,Factors, Immunologic,Immune Factors,Immunological Factors,Modifiers, Biological Response,Response Modifiers, Biological,Factor, Immune,Factor, Immunological,Factors, Immune,Factors, Immunological,Modifier, Biological Response,Response Modifier, Biological
D008262 Macrophage Activation The process of altering the morphology and functional activity of macrophages so that they become avidly phagocytic. It is initiated by lymphokines, such as the macrophage activation factor (MAF) and the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MMIF), immune complexes, C3b, and various peptides, polysaccharides, and immunologic adjuvants. Activation, Macrophage,Activations, Macrophage,Macrophage Activations
D008264 Macrophages The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.) Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages,Monocyte-Derived Macrophages,Macrophage,Macrophages, Monocyte-Derived,Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages,Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage,Macrophage, Bone Marrow-Derived,Macrophage, Monocyte-Derived,Macrophages, Bone Marrow-Derived,Macrophages, Monocyte Derived,Monocyte Derived Macrophages,Monocyte-Derived Macrophage
D008969 Molecular Sequence Data Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D009569 Nitric Oxide A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP. Endogenous Nitrate Vasodilator,Mononitrogen Monoxide,Nitric Oxide, Endothelium-Derived,Nitrogen Monoxide,Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide,Monoxide, Mononitrogen,Monoxide, Nitrogen,Nitrate Vasodilator, Endogenous,Nitric Oxide, Endothelium Derived,Oxide, Nitric,Vasodilator, Endogenous Nitrate
D010587 Phagocytosis The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES). Phagocytoses
D011134 Polysaccharides Long chain polymeric CARBOHYDRATES composed of MONOSACCHARIDES linked by glycosidic bonds. Glycan,Glycans,Polysaccharide
D002240 Carbohydrate Sequence The sequence of carbohydrates within POLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEINS; and GLYCOLIPIDS. Carbohydrate Sequences,Sequence, Carbohydrate,Sequences, Carbohydrate
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000067996 RAW 264.7 Cells A transformed macrophage cell line isolated from ASCITES of mice infected with ABELSON MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS. RAW 264.7 Cell Line,264.7 Cell, RAW,264.7 Cells, RAW,Cell, RAW 264.7,Cells, RAW 264.7,RAW 264.7 Cell

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