BACKGROUND There is limited work that has examined the effect of quitting smoking on anxious arousal, an underlying dimension of anxiety symptoms and psychopathology. METHODS Smokers (n=185, 54.1% female) enrolled in a smoking cessation treatment trial were monitored post-cessation in terms of abstinence status (biochemically verified; at Weeks 1, 2, and Month 1 post-quit) and severity of panic-relevant symptoms (self-reported; at Month 1 and 3 post-quit). Structural equation models were conducted, adjusting for participant sex, age, treatment condition, and pre-cessation nicotine dependence, presence of depressive/anxiety disorders, anxious arousal, and anxiety sensitivity. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, participants who remained abstinent for one month (n=80; 43.2%) relative to those who did not (n=105; 56.8%) demonstrated significant reductions in anxious arousal at Month 1 (β=-.26, p=.04) and Month 3 post-quit (β=-.36, p=.006); abstinence status had a non-significant effect on anxious arousal severity at Month 3 after controlling for Month 1 anxious arousal (β=-.18, p=.09). CONCLUSIONS Findings align with theoretical models of smoking-anxiety interplay and suggest that smoking cessation can result in reductions in anxious arousal.