Asthma occurs worldwide as a chronic disease of the lungs in children and in adult. Recently there were some reports on the increasing prevalence of asthma in children from western countries and from other areas of the world. There are numerous different triggers of asthma such as allergens, dust, gases, cold air, infections and malformations of the bronchial system. The release of preformed and new generated mediators is the cause of chronic inflammation in the lungs. The basic defect causing bronchial hyperreagibility of the lungs is still unknown. The therapy of asthma is a longtime treatment, the composition depends of the type and the severety of the asthma to be treated. In addition to the drug therapy, physiotherapy, asthmasports and appropriate climatic conditions are essential tools for the treatment of asthma. The aim of the therapy is a symptom free patient. The prognosis of children suffering from asthma is good.