The special examination of occlusion in the gnathological sense is less important for functional analysis in orthodontics and pedodontics. At the beginning of and during therapy, simple clinical examinations and observations provide the necessary diagnostic and prognostic information on the functioning of the individual parts of the masticatory system or their relation to each other. The clinical relevance of these findings was tested by electromyographic examinations, electronic pressure and volume measurements and tele- and cineradiographic tests. In the retention period, i.e. after therapy had been concluded, a gnathological examination was made in some cases in addition to the general functional analysis. The examination mainly centered on anatomic regions: lips, tongue, masticatory muscles, and temporomandibular joint. The following functions were examined: closing of the mouth, breathing, swallowing, speech, mandibular movements and the relation of rest position to habitual occlusion. In addition, general posture and habits like suckling and nibbling were studied.