Biomaterial Database

Temporally different stimulation of TNF-alpha and PGE2 release from GM-CSF-primed macrophages. 1989

S Heidenreich, and J H Gong, and H Renz, and A Schmidt, and M Nain, and D Gemsa

Institute of Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, FRG.

Since granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has previously been shown to activate macrophages, it was of particular interest to study its effect on synthesis and release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). GM-CSF alone was incapable of activating murine peritoneal macrophages to TNF-alpha release. However, in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), GM-CSF was found to prime macrophages for enhanced TNF-alpha production. This priming effect was short-lived and was superseded by the contrary, an unresponsiveness to LPS. The suppressed response was due to a delayed production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which did not affect GM-CSF-enhanced TNF-alpha gene transcription but blocked TNF-alpha production. When PGE2 synthesis was inhibited by indomethacin, the priming effect of GM-CSF was entirely reconstituted. Thus, GM-CSF initially primes for TNF-alpha and subsequently for PGE2 release which, taken together, may represent an autoregulatory feed-back system that could restrict macrophage activation.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008262	Macrophage Activation	The process of altering the morphology and functional activity of macrophages so that they become avidly phagocytic. It is initiated by lymphokines, such as the macrophage activation factor (MAF) and the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MMIF), immune complexes, C3b, and various peptides, polysaccharides, and immunologic adjuvants.	Activation, Macrophage,Activations, Macrophage,Macrophage Activations
D008264	Macrophages	The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)	Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages,Monocyte-Derived Macrophages,Macrophage,Macrophages, Monocyte-Derived,Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages,Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage,Macrophage, Bone Marrow-Derived,Macrophage, Monocyte-Derived,Macrophages, Bone Marrow-Derived,Macrophages, Monocyte Derived,Monocyte Derived Macrophages,Monocyte-Derived Macrophage
D008811	Mice, Inbred DBA	An inbred strain of mouse. Specific substrains are used in a variety of areas of BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH such as DBA/1J, which is used as a model for RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.	Mice, DBA,Mouse, DBA,Mouse, Inbred DBA,DBA Mice,DBA Mice, Inbred,DBA Mouse,DBA Mouse, Inbred,Inbred DBA Mice,Inbred DBA Mouse
D003115	Colony-Stimulating Factors	Glycoproteins found in a subfraction of normal mammalian plasma and urine. They stimulate the proliferation of bone marrow cells in agar cultures and the formation of colonies of granulocytes and/or macrophages. The factors include INTERLEUKIN-3; (IL-3); GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; (G-CSF); MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; (M-CSF); and GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; (GM-CSF).	MGI-1,Macrophage-Granulocyte Inducer,Colony Stimulating Factor,Colony-Stimulating Factor,MGI-1 Protein,Myeloid Cell-Growth Inducer,Protein Inducer MGI,Cell-Growth Inducer, Myeloid,Colony Stimulating Factors,Inducer, Macrophage-Granulocyte,Inducer, Myeloid Cell-Growth,MGI 1 Protein,MGI, Protein Inducer,Macrophage Granulocyte Inducer,Myeloid Cell Growth Inducer
D006133	Growth Substances	Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.	Mitogens, Endogenous,Endogenous Mitogens
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014409	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha	Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.	Cachectin,TNF-alpha,Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 2,Cachectin-Tumor Necrosis Factor,TNF Superfamily, Member 2,TNFalpha,Tumor Necrosis Factor,Cachectin Tumor Necrosis Factor,Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
D015232	Dinoprostone	The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.	PGE2,PGE2alpha,Prostaglandin E2,Prostaglandin E2alpha,PGE2 alpha,Prepidil Gel,Prostaglandin E2 alpha,Prostenon,E2 alpha, Prostaglandin,E2, Prostaglandin,E2alpha, Prostaglandin,Gel, Prepidil,alpha, PGE2,alpha, Prostaglandin E2
D016178	Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor	An acidic glycoprotein of MW 23 kDa with internal disulfide bonds. The protein is produced in response to a number of inflammatory mediators by mesenchymal cells present in the hemopoietic environment and at peripheral sites of inflammation. GM-CSF is able to stimulate the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells and can stimulate the formation of eosinophil colonies from fetal liver progenitor cells. GM-CSF can also stimulate some functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages.	CSF-GM,Colony-Stimulating Factor, Granulocyte-Macrophage,GM-CSF,Histamine-Producing Cell-Stimulating Factor,CSF-2,TC-GM-CSF,Tumor-Cell Human GM Colony-Stimulating Factor,Cell-Stimulating Factor, Histamine-Producing,Colony Stimulating Factor, Granulocyte Macrophage,Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor,Histamine Producing Cell Stimulating Factor,Tumor Cell Human GM Colony Stimulating Factor